Research entry on John Rawls Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Passage on John Rawls - Research Paper Example On November 24, 2002, the whole American country experienced the dismal end of John Bordley Rawls. Rawls procured his stately residency level of James Bryant Conant University from the Harvard University (Wenar 1). He likewise effectively accomplished his accomplishment of Fulbright association at Christ Church, Oxford. Rawls likewise got a few honors of respect and reverence for his administrations for America. Being really meriting, Rawls was given Schock Prize for his Logic and philosophical astuteness. In 1999, he was given a Medal of acknowledgment for keeping up the soul of American vote based system. Two acclaimed speculations of Rawls are ‘Theory of Justice’ and ‘Law of People’. Rawls accepted that there was no substantial presence of contention among equity and equity. He attempted his level best to free the restricting pictures from opportunity and uniformity that were created inside the assumptive personalities of individuals. By means of his hypothesis of Justice, in 1971, Rawls attempted to reproduce the overall ideas of correspondence and opportunity, and disclosed to the whole country that both of the thoughts have overlying qualities. Both are not opposite, in reality they run corresponding to one another (Iep.utm.edu 1). Both can together create an extraordinary intensity of association that would consistently have express reasonable and just outcomes. This hypothesis shockingly didn't bring out a lot of significant impacts true to form. For all intents and purposes, it wasn’t that reasonable and one case consistently out managed the other. Late during his vocation, Rawls saw the overwhelming effect of the global legislative issues those days. Accordingly, he laid out the ‘Law of People’ and expressed that individuals having virtues are either ‘liberal’ or ‘decent’ (Wenar 1). He could anticipate the unbearable results of respectable minorities if methods of dealing with legislative issues were not changed. Law of People was to secure the privileges of support of minorities in the decisions as the political situation was focusing on the hardship of better than average individuals from

Airline Industry And Impact Of Deregulation -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Airline Industry And Impact Of Deregulation? Answer: Introducation AWB Limited was the significant association in grain promoting that was situated in Australia. Once the organization was the Australian Wheat Board that was directed by the administration. From that point it changed itself into the open recorded and incorporated agribusiness. It held the restraining infrastructure position as it was the main grains and wheat exporter through single work area framework. For this report the yearly report of AWB Limited for the year finished 30th September 2009 is thought about (AWB Limited 2018). From the yearly report of the organization it is recognized that generosity has been tried for debilitation during the year. The conveying estimation of the non-current resources are considered for impedance test while changes or occasions in the conditions means that conveying estimation of the benefit may not be recouped. Be that as it may, the benefit from which the huge incomes can't be created freely then the recoverable sum for the money producing unit (CGU) to which the advantage is incorporated is resolved (Amiraslani, Iatridis and Pope 2013). While any essentialness of impedance is there, the CGU or the benefits esteem is acclimated to the recoverable sum. Further, the generosity is tried with the end goal of hindrance all the more oftentimes or every year if any progressions or occasions considering the present situation imply that conveying estimation of the advantage may get debilitated. For leading the debilitation test, the altruism that is gained in the business mix from the date of procurement is assigned to the gatherings CGU that are anticipated to be profited by mix cooperative energies (Edeigba and Amenkhienan 2017). This will be regardless of the way that of whether the liabilities are assigned to the units or not. Be that as it may, AWB Limited designated the generosity to Stocklease Pty Ltd Temora Grains Pty Ltd Milestone Financial Services Milestone Copeland Medway Pty Ltd Milestone Rural Services Further, the debilitation misfortune is resolved through appraisal of recoverable measure of CGU under which the generosity is connected (Cotter 2012). While the CGUs recoverable sum is lower when contrasted with the conveying sum. The measure of looses from weakness that are perceived are not turned around hence. The organization recorded $ 119,715,000 as disability misfortune under the pay articulation by virtue of altruism for the year finished 30th September 2009. The budget summary planning as per the Australian Accounting Standards needs of utilizing some basic appraisals for bookkeeping. It further requires the administration to apply the decisions while applying the bookkeeping strategies of the organization (Ifrs.org 2018). Key appraisals utilized by the organization for weakness testing is that the advantage from which the huge incomes can't be produced freely then the recoverable sum for the money creating unit (CGU) to which the benefit is incorporated is resolved. While any essentialness of debilitation is there, the CGU or the benefits esteem is changed in accordance with the recoverable sum. The conveying estimation of the drawn out resource are considered for debilitation test while any progressions or occasions in the conditions connote that the conveying esteem can't be recuperated. Further, for assessing the arrangement of debilitation is recorded while target proof is there that the organization won't have the option to gather the whole sums due concerning the genuine receivable term (Kabir and Rahman 2016). In any case, the real outcome may fluctuate from the appraisals. Consequently, the basic suppositions and assessments are evaluated on the progressing premise. Further, any updates to the bookkeeping gauges are recorded under the period which is identified with the correction of the evaluations and the future influenced period, assuming any. AASB 136 on disability of advantage expresses that this standard permits the imaginative bookkeeping treatment by the client. It further looks for the abstract understanding of the client that can be agreed and versatile by the prerequisite of the organization just as the administration (Ramanna and Watts 2012). The term subjectivity represents the clients recognition. As it very well may be recognized the yearly report of AWB Limited that the weakness test is directed based on specific assessments and decisions, there consistently exist the inclusion of clients subjectivity. Further, the altruism is tried for impedance more much of the time than yearly while any hugeness is there that the recoverable sum won't be recouped. In this manner, the administration can complete the test during downturn or financial downturn for indicating more sums because of disabilities misfortune and recording lower benefits in the salary explanation of the organization (ztrk and Seremeli 2016). This can be additionally settled with the way that when the reasonable worth or recoverable sum isn't definable from the dynamic market the recoverable sum is processed and doled out to CGU based on decisions and evaluations. The fascinating certainty of impedance that found while experiencing the yearly report of AWB Limited is that the AASB 8 which is a divulgence standard have no impact on the sums recorded in the fiscal summary of the organization. In any case, it might have aberrant impact at the level at which the altruism is considered for hindrance. Further, the revisions may affect the fragment exposure of the organization. Further, the troublesome part is that if the altruism is considered for weakness test at more much of the time than every year then which sign is to be given most extreme significance to lead the test. Notwithstanding these, another troublesome part is that more than one recoverable qualities are resolved dependent on the dynamic market then which one is to be mulled over for processing the disability test. For example, if the estimation of business generosity to one buyer is $ 600,000 and to another is $ 625,000 then which one is to be considered involves question. Some new experiences of disability picked up while experiencing the yearly report of AWB Limited. The first one is that the weakness misfortune for altruism can never be more than its conveying esteem that is recorded in the fiscal report of the organization as generosity. Further, the measure of weakness misfortune = estimation of the benefits conveying sum recoverable estimation of the advantage. Another new understanding picked up is that the disability test is a continuous procedure and the administration consistently need to keep an eye on any sign that may mean that the benefit may get impeded. The assessed reasonable estimations of the fixed resources depend on limited estimation of the anticipated future incomes. For fixed resources the valuation is made on free premise and for different resources different components like deals estimation of the benefit according to the business understanding, estimation of the advantage according to the dynamic market valuation and other accessible data are thought about. Further, for the reasonable worth estimation, the organization follows IFRS 13 (Rennekamp, Rupar and Seybert 2014). The executive of the IASB accepts that the new change in the renting understanding of the organization will make the organizations progressively serious in the business (Danjou and Walton 2012). The new standard is required to achieve an adjustment in the exposures which will be the perspectives a greater amount of making it progressively sensible in nature. According to the examination of the organizations around the globe have around 3 trillion worth of leases which are broadly spread across carrier business, retail business and transportation business. The business under current standard on leases considers and marks their leases as working leases. According to the evaluations around 85% of the leases are marked as working leases which don't show any exposures in the books of fund (Agrawal et al. 2012). These working leases will be certainly be making genuine liabilities, thus the administrator is of the supposition that if the present bookkeeping standard is permitted to work tha n the monetary truth of the organization won't be uncovered (Altamuro et al. 2014). According to the circumstance a large portion of the business utilized the benefits of the present standard on rent divulgences which permitted these organizations to report much lesser measure of leases in the fiscal summaries as the vast majority of these leases were named as working leases by these organizations which empowered them to show a great monetary record. A large portion of the organizations would then show a little piece of the leases which is viewed as sound for the business to be determined sheet and the remainder of the leases would be cockeyed sheet. According to the administrator of the IASB, a portion of the organizations which have critical renting responsibilities yet are as yet ready to show a lean asset report because of the present standard in power (Colla, Ippolito and Li 2013). This is the motivation behind why the organization may have over 66% of rent obligation when contrasted with the obligation which are reflected to be decided sheet. The director of the IASB is under the feeling that the aircraft organizations under the previous standard of renting were not on a similar ground as far as rivalry astute. The employments of leases by organizations like aircraft industry, retail industry and transportation industry as referenced by the director of the IASB (Choi, Peasnell and Toniato 2013). A carrier which rents a greater amount of its airplanes will normally have a superior monetary record than an organization which is prone to buy these airplanes. The asset report and budgetary commitments of the organization which has bought may not be that acceptable; anyway the circumstance on account of an organization which rents the airplanes which the business uses may not be in a superior position it is possible that (You 2017). The purpose behind this is on the grounds that that such organizations perceives the leases as working leases and the aircrafts business shows a great fiscal reports which in all actuality may not b e that acceptable as far as obligations of the organization. According to the new standard which will be introduction

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The Mozart Effect - 3416 Words

Have you ever hear the old saying â€Å"Mozart makes babies smarter†? Can a mother simply playing Mozart while the infant sleeps actually increase her baby’s brain function? Well there is now evidence that this once perceived ‘old wives tale’ is actually true. The studies done to prove this seemingly bizarre event have deemed it, The Mozart Effect. The Mozart Effect is a set of research results that indicate that listening to Mozarts music may induce a short-term improvement on the performance of certain kinds of mental tasks known as â€Å"spatial-temporal reasoning†. Spatial-temporal reasoning is the ability to visualize mental pictures of spatial patterns and mentally changing them over a time-ordered sequence of spatial transformations. This†¦show more content†¦Other researchers were unable to reproduce the findings but others confirmed the theory that listening to Mozarts sonata K448 produced a small increase in spatial-temporal performance. These improvements were measured by various tests derived from the Stanford—Binet scale such as paper-cutting and folding procedures or pencil-and-paper maze tasks. Rauscher has stressed that the Mozart effect is only limited to spatial temporal reasoning and that there is no enhancement of general intelligence; some of the negative results, she thinks, could be attributed to inappropriate test procedures (Jenkins). Many have criticized these positive findings in saying that these effects are due to the ‘enjoyment arousal’ and that these same findings would not be present if the subject had no appreciation for classical music. These opinions of the effect are countered by a study done on rats by the University of Wisconsin in 1998. Rats were exposed in utero plus 60 days post-partum to either complex music (Mozart Sonata (k. 448)), minimalist music (a Philip Glass composition), white noise or silence, and were then tested for five days in a multiple T-maze. By Day 3, the rats exposed to the Mozart work completed the maze more rapidly and with fewer errors than the rats assigned to the other groups. The difference increased in magnitude through Day 5. This suggests that repeated exposure to complex music induces improved spatial-temporal learning in rats,Show MoreRelatedThe Mozart Effect Essay1461 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"M ozart effect† is a believe that listening to music could enhance individuals’ intelligence, and therefore lead to better performance in various spheres, such as languages and arithmetics. There are researches pointed out that listening to music while tasks performance would result in significant boost of scores. The effect of listening to Mozart’s music on spatial seasoning was looked over in 1933 by Dr. Rauscher, three common tests about abstract spatial reasoning were given to the participantsRead More The Mozart Effect Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mozart Effect Ever since human intelligence has been a factor for survival, people have been trying to think of new, innovative ways to increase their mental capabilities. In the past, people have taken pills, prepared home-made concoctions, and have even shaven their heads to clear their minds. Even now, new ideas, such as magnetic mattresses for better blood circulation to the brain, are patented and sold promising mental wellness and stability – and making money for the inventor. WhenRead MoreThe Mozart Effect Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesIt has long been believed that music can evoke specific thoughts and feelings from the listener. But can music –specifically the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart- summon hidden intelligences within the human brain? That is the question scientists are trying to answer. In the mid-nineties, scientists, Frances Rauscher, Gordon Shaw and Katherine Ky, claimed that music could boost the listener’s intelligence up to 9 points (Steele 2). To ma ny, this allegation seemed a bit far-fetched and soon otherRead MoreEssay On Mozart Effect1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mozart Effect, broadly stated, is the idea that music can help with many other aspects of a student’s education. Its research started decades ago and is still highly debated today, with some condition to the findings. However, in Bob Duke’s article, he explains why it doesn’t matter whether of not it helps tests scores. He believes we should not be using this as an excuse for keeping music programs because there are countless better reasons. Duke’s article highly reinforced why I personally believeRead More The Mozart Effect Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mozart Effect is a study that shows listening to classical music can have positive effects on learning and attitude. This occurrence is called the Mozart Effect, and it has been proven in experiments by many scientists. This research has caused much controversy between believers and nonbelievers, because The Mozart Effect is said to enhance the brain and reasoning; it is also used to reduce stress, depression, or anxiety; it induces relaxation or sleep; and the Mozart Effect activates the bodyRead MoreMozart Effect And Its Effect On Mental Development1479 Words   |  6 PagesThe Idea of the Mozart effect came at a time when scientists were trying to merge the aspect of psychology (the science of the mind), and neuroscience (the science of the brain). Scientists felt that music plays a major role in the learning and thinking processes (â€Å"The Mozart Effect†). The Mozart effect refers to the resultant enhanced mental performance that arises when one listens to Mozart’s music. It is suggested that listening to Mozart makes one smarter by improving their spatial intelligenceRead MoreThe Mozart Effect and Infant Intelligence1408 Words   |  6 PagesIn modern society intelligence is highly competitive and subject to scrutiny; therefore, it i s understandable that a child’s intelligence is a primary concern for many parents. The Mozart effect, popularised in the 1990s, resulted in many parents believing that simply exposing their child to music composed by Mozart would improve their intelligence (Campbell, 1997). The claim was founded by research published in the journal Nature, which suggested that spatial reasoning could be temporarily enhancedRead MoreEssay on Psychology: The Mozart Effect1332 Words   |  6 Pagesevaluate the questionable validity of the â€Å"Mozart Effect†. The Mozart Effect implies that playing Mozart to a baby will increase its cognitive abilities, a claim which has instigated a rapidly increasing market of â€Å"CDS to make your baby smarter†. This claim, despite having partial merit and widespread popular acceptance, is fundamentally incorrect. Through the analysis of various attempted replication studies, it is abundantly clear that the ‘Mozart Effect’ is a falsehood. This is evidenced by: theRead MoreMusic Of Mozart Effect On Children1266 Words   |  6 PagesThe â€Å"Mozart effect† is a statement based on research studies claiming that listening to the music of Mozart may produce an increase in your IQ and performance in certain types of mental tasks. This effect was applied not just to adults, but later also to unborn and postpartum babies up to 60 days old. The â€Å"Mozart effect† stemmed from research carried out in 1993 by researchers Frances H. Rauscher, Gordon L. Shaw and Katherine N. Ky at the Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory at UC IrvineRead MoreThe Mozart Effect of Boosting IQ863 Words   |  3 Pagesthemselves as entrepreneurs are going along with this and trying to build up their IQs because they feel it may end up helping them in the long run. This people are the ones who are motivation is the center of this book by Don Campbell called â€Å"The Mozart Effect: Tapping the Power of Music to Heal the Body, Strengthen the Mind and Unlock the Creative Spirit†. Music is what has a outstanding result on individuals because they tend to take time to listen to Music, and this people are the ones who possess

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New Cases Of Tb Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(57) " drugs used to handle TB, first line and 2nd line drugs\." Over 8 million of new instances of TB are discovered and about 1.5 million deceases resulted from TB yearly, TB has declared figure one infective slayer. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Generally, TB ( TB ) is defined as a catching infective disease cause by Mycobacterium TB. We will write a custom essay sample on New Cases Of Tb Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now A individual can infected when he or she inhales a proceedingss sum of septic phlegm of air. Terbium is non catching by direct contact with apparels or agitating custodies with person who has Terbium. Terbium is spread through the external respiration of the septic air during close contact. There is besides another type of untypical TB, transmitted when imbibing unpasteurised milk. Related bacteriums, Mycobacterium bovis which are found in unpasteurised milk are responsible to do this signifier of TB [ 23 ] . The symptoms of TB are non obvious until the disease is rather advanced. The early symptoms of TB are usually confused with other common symptoms of a febrility, including weariness, loss of appetency, a productive cough, febrility, weight loss and dark workout suits. The infection of the TB is more frequently than non spotted in the upper portion or lobe of the lungs. It normally takes months ( incubation ) from the get downing point of initial lung infection for symptoms to b e noticeable. The worsen infection in the lungs can besides ensue in symptoms like chest hurting, coughing continuously, coughing out phlegm of stuff from the lungs and blood and trouble in take a breathing ( panting for breath ) . Incidence1 Prevalence 2 Mortality WHO part no. In 1000s % of planetary sum rate per 100 000 pop3 no. In 1000s rate per 100 000 dad no. In 1000s rate per 100 000 dad Africa 2 828 30 % 351 3 809 473 385 48 The Americas 282 3 % 31 221 24 29 3 Eastern Mediterranean 675 7 % 115 929 159 115 20 Europe 425 5 % 48 322 36 55 6 South-East Asia 3 213 34 % 183 3 805 216 477 27 Western Pacific 1 946 21 % 109 2 007 112 261 15 Global sum 9 369 100 % 139 11 093 164 1 322 20 1Incidence is the figure of new instances originating during a defined period. 2Prevalence is the figure of instances ( new and antecedently happening ) that exists at a given point in clip. 3Pop indicates population. Diagram 1: Estimated TB incidence, prevalence and mortality, 2008 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs104/en/ Diagram 1 indicates the estimated TB incidence and rate of decease in 2008. South-East Asia and South-East Asia have the highest figure of incidence, prevalence and morality rate of TB. These are low income states. Terbium is a poorness related disease which will be discussed subsequently in this study. ( 436 words ) Solution Cocktail of drugs hypertext transfer protocol: //physicianjobster.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/latent-tuberculosis-guidelines-and-diagram.pngTB is categorized into two chief group based on the pharmacologic intervention for several phase, latent infection and active disease. About 90 % of patients who infected with primary TB will hold no farther clinical manifestation and will mend without the realisation of the disease. Merely approximately 5 % of the patients will travel on to develop the disease into a more progressive and active disease including disseminated TB ( TB bacteria infected parts of the organic structure other than lungs ) . Latent infection occurs when the pneumonic macrophages are able to incorporate the bacteriums but non extinguish them. C: UsersdantesDesktop blatent-tuberculosis-guidelines-and-diagram.png Chemoprophylaxis During the phase of latent infection of TB, although the symptoms of the disease are non manifested but latent infection can develop into the active phase. Therefore, chemoprophylaxis can be initiated to pull off the status. Chemoprophylaxis is the prescription of certain medicines in the purpose of forestalling an infection. Normally, two drugs are involved in this regimen. Isoniazid which is a common drug will be prescribed to patients with latent infection. Generally, 300mg daily of Isoniazid ( INH ) will be given for 9 months in grownups. If there are any intuition of opposition of bacteriums strain to INH or intolerance of patients to INH ( allergic reaction ) , INH can be replaced with Rifampin ( RIF ) . Normal medicine of RIF of 600mg for 4 months is a suited permutation [ 22 ] . Drugs intervention therapy ( 698words ) While for the phase of active disease of TB, the standard regimen Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide ( PZA ) and ethambutol ( EMB ) for 2 months followed by INH and RIF for 4 months is administered [ 7 ] [ 9 ] [ 22 ] . The consequence of the phlegm cultivation TB of patients is used to find the susceptibleness of the bacteriums to the drugs. It in bends decides which drugs to be used in the intervention. The tabular array 2 below is a guideline for the prescription of the intervention. Diagram 2: Prescription for intervention of TB hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5211a1.htm ( 753 words ) If the bacterium become drug immune, multi-drug resistant TB ( MDR ) , other drugs are to be given. For illustration, Ethionamide, Streptomycin, Cycloserine and the list goes on. Drug opposition should be suspected in the undermentioned state of affairss: Patients who have received anterior therapy for Terbium Patients from geographic country with high prevalence of opposition ( Mexico and Southeast Asia ) HIV patients Patients known to be exposed to MDR-TB instances Patients who still have acid-fast bacilli-positive phlegm vilifications after 2 months of therapy Patients who still have positive civilization for TB after 2 to 4 months of therapy Particular intervention should be given to a certain population depending on their status for case, HIV patients, pregnant adult female, kids, extrapulmonary TB. In population of pregnant adult female, the drugs used are non to present a hazard to the foetus every bit good as to the female parent. RIF is non given because it is related to limb decrease and cardinal nervous system lesions in foetus. Ethionamide may be associated with premature bringing, congenitial malformations and Down ‘s syndrome. The drugs prescribed must be monitored carefully to forestall any long term side effects to the patients [ 7 ] [ 22 ] . The tabular array in diagram 3 show the chief two groups of drugs used to handle TB, first line and 2nd line drugs. You read "New Cases Of Tb Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" If the first line drugs fail to handle TB as the TB bacteriums strain becomes immune, 2nd line drugs are used. ( 992 words ) Diagram 3: The first and 2nd line drugs for TB ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5211a1.htm ) ( 1005 words ) Effectiveness Diagram 4: Treatment result and clip from start of intervention to transition of sputum civilization among 39 patients ( http: //www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/8/6/table/T2 ) C: UsersdantesPicturesTB.jpg All of the patients ab initio received day-to-day therapy that comprised INH, RIF, EMB, and PZA. Treatment was successfully completed in 36 patients ( 92 % ) , and 35 ( 90 % ) were cured. This indicates a high success rate of intervention utilizing the drugs above. ( 1067 words ) Direct observation of Therapy To maximize the completion of intervention class, direct observed therapy ( DOT ) is introduced. This method will advance attachment to the intervention. Medical officers should supervise DOT. This method ensures the intervention class of the patient is completed. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5211a1.htmhttp: //www.health-res.com/EX/08-01-20/r211a1b14.gif hypertext transfer protocol: //www.health-res.com/EX/08-01-20/r211a1b14.gif ( 1122words ) Diagram 5: the intervention success of TB ( % ) under DOTs in Albania, Ecuador and HaitiEffectiveness Diagram 6: the intervention success of TB ( % ) under non- DOTs in Albania, Ecuador and Haiti hypertext transfer protocol: //apps.who.int/globalatlas/includeFiles/generalIncludeFiles/toolOptions.asp? displayType=chart ( 1146 words ) The DOTS programme in China, the largest DOTS programme in the universe, prevents about 30 000 deceases a twelvemonth. Over 90 % of patients treated are cured. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/inf-new/tuber2.htm ) Diagram 7: Terbium instances human death rates ( % ) with or without DOTS in 2009 in China ( http: //www.who.int/inf-new/tuber2.htm ) Based from grounds from diagrams 5, 6 and 7, it is shown that the TB intervention success rate addition with the execution of DOTS. In diagrams 5 and 6, the informations in Ecuador shows that the intervention success rate under DOTs is much higher than those under non-DOTs by about 75 % . In diagram 7, the human death rate from TB is decrease by about 15 % if DOT is implemented. In my sentiment, DOT is effectual because most patients did non follow the physician ‘s recommendations and they tend to bury to take medicines regularly.DOT provides a manner to guarantee that all the patients are following their medicines. ( 1296words ) Deductions Economic deduction One economic issue that I have encountered while carry oning this research is that the under-developed states have the highest rates of TB. And they do non hold fiscal support to derive entree to the antibiotic intervention. â€Å" Tuberculosis ( TB ) – a preventable disease linked to poverty – was declared an exigency in Africa in 2005. Each twelvemonth it claims the lives of half a million Africans, many immature and in their most productive old ages. In the past 15 old ages, overall rates have doubled in Africa and tripled in high HIV countries. Africa has the highest per capital incidence of TB in the universe ( 28 % ) , with most of the worst affected states located in sub-Saharan Africa. † ( African Medical and Research Foundation, 2005 ) The province of exigency is a consequence of immense fiscal load of the low-income states as the interventions are time-consuming and dearly-won. Furthermore, overcrowded country in Africa means easier transmittal of disease from individual to individual. These grounds result in more incidence of TB in Africa per twelvemonth. In my sentiment, the authorities demand to be financially stable in order to supply citizens with efficient and broad entree to intervention. Government should besides form runs to increase the consciousness towards the figure one infective disease slayer TB. ( 1505words ) Social deduction Many TB patients will halt taking the medicine after several hebdomads as their symptoms are relieved. First of wholly, the drugs for TB are dearly-won. Second, they feel healthy after twosomes of month of drug intervention. If the patients did non finish the antibiotic class, possible result is some bacteriums will last and go immune to the drug and infectiousness of the patient doing continued transmittal to the community. These bacteriums will go on to multiply and can non be killed by the old drug, multi-drug-resistant TB. Therefore, other more expensive drugs must be used for intervention. [ 6 ] â€Å" Poverty increases the hazard of TB ; TB impoverishes the victims. More than 90 % of TB instances and decease occurs in low and middle-income states. † ( TB Advocacy, A Practical Guide 1999, WHO Global Tuberculosis Programme, STOP TB Annual Report 2001 ) The intervention of TB requires a great trade of fiscal support. The cost of the drugs and the installations merely can non be afforded by low income states. Therefore, low income states like South Africa has the most instances of TB incidence and deceases. Besides that, if a patient can non afford the medicine possible result is more people will be infected as TB is contagious. ( 1707words ) Benefits and hazards One of the most conspicuous benefits from antibiotics intervention for TB is that it can bring around and liberate the patients from TB. Antibiotics can kill and suppress the growing of TB bacteriums in the organic structure provided the bacteriums are non drug-resistant. Equally long as the patients complete the intervention class, there is a large possibility that he or she will retrieve from the disease. Isoniazid administered to latent infection of TB patients besides prevents the patterned advance of the active disease. The intervention besides aims to halt the infection from distributing to other people [ 8 ] . However, there are a certain side effects of the drugs. Normally, the side effects of the drugs are non common but they can be serious. Patients are recommended to confer with their doctor for any possible side effects and how to cover with them. By and large, the side effects of the interventions includes liver issue ( icterus, abdominal hurting, sickness, and emesis, weariness, fever, dark piss, roseola and itchiness ) , flu-like symptoms ( febrility and icinesss, sickness, purging and musculus hurting ) , flu stain, diarrhoea and the effects may change depend on the drugs administered in the intervention. One of the most common used drugs, Isoniazid can hold side effects of dysarthria, crossness, ictuss, dysphoria, and inability to concentrate, fever, roseola and hepatitis. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] ( 1923 words ) Alternate solution Vaccine Bacillus Calmette-Guerin is given during childhood as a vaccinum against TB. It is prepared from attenuated Mycobacterium bovis. The definition of vaccinum is substances that can trip and fix human immune response to specific bacteriums in the hereafter such as dead or attenuated bacteriums. A tuberculin trial must be conducted before the individual is to be vaccinated. Merely non-reactors are given inoculation because they lack immunisation against TB. â€Å" We estimated that the 100A ·5 million BCG inoculations given to babies in 2002 will hold prevented 29aˆ?729 instances of TB meningitis ( 5th-95th centiles, 24aˆ?063-36aˆ?192 ) in kids during their first 5 old ages of life, or one instance for every 3435 inoculations ( 2771-4177 ) , and 11aˆ?486 instances of miliary TB ( 7304-16aˆ?280 ) , or one instance for every 9314 inoculations ( 6172-13aˆ?729 ) . At US $ 2-3 per dosage, BCG inoculation costs US $ 206 ( 150-272 ) per twelvemonth of healthy life gained. † ( B. Trunz ; P. Fine ; C. Dye. The Lancet, Volume 367, Issue 9517, Pages 1173-1180, 14 April 2006 ) The monetary value of BCG is cheap [ 21 ] . Therefore, it can cost-effectively cut down the figure of TB compared to the cost of intervention. The effectivity of BCG is besides proven when it was foremost introduced into England in 1953. [ 13 ] When it was foremost introduced in 1950s, the inoculation programme has efficaciously reduced the incidence of TB by 77 % [ 18 ] [ 21 ] . ( 2145 words ) Diagnosis Tuberculin trial or Mantoux trial The Oklahoman the disease is discovered, the Oklahoman the disease is treated, the larger the opportunity the disease can be cured and managed so that it will non distribute to others unwittingly. This is due to early sensing of disease can forestall more organic structure parts from being infected and the country of infection can be reduced. The most common method used in diagnosing of TB infection is the tuberculin trial or Mantoux trial. It uses purified protein derivative and inject 5 units of it into the tegument of a patients. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] If a raised bump of more than 5mm appears at the site after 48 hours, the trial may be positive. The trial can hold false positive or false negative consequence. hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantoux_test ( 2274words ) Chest X ray If the tuberculin trial shows positive consequence, collateral clinical intuition of TB can be carried out via x-ray and microbiologic scrutiny of phlegm. X-ray image of a TB patient will demo abnormalcy in mid and upper lungs Fieldss and lymph nodes might be enlarged. X-ray trial can merely propose there is TB infection but do non corroborate it. Normal chest x-ray ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medicine.cu.edu.eg ) Chest X ray of a XDR-TB patient ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eurosurveillance.org/images/dynamic/EE/V13N30/TB_Ireland_Figure1.jpg ) Sputum trial ( 2428 words ) hypertext transfer protocol: //nursinglink.monster.com/nfs/nursinglink/attachment_images/0000/2432/SputumTest_crop380w.jpg? 1212559672 Besides that, day-to-day phlegm aggregation over 3 back-to-back yearss is recommended. Sputum proving for acid-fast B is the lone trial that confirms a TB diagnosing. Sputum or other bodily secernments such as from your tummy or lung fluid can be cultured for growing of mycobacteria to corroborate the diagnosing. It may take one to three hebdomads to observe growing in a civilization, but eight to 12 hebdomads to be certain of the diagnosing. Evaluation of beginning Beginning 1 I evaluated the beginning hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5211a1.htm where the guideline on the intervention of the TB was published. It proved to be accurate because it matched with many other beginnings in term of information. For illustration, in the book of pharmacotherapy enchiridion used by druggist as a beginning of mention ( Barbara G. Wells ; Joseph T. Dipiro ; Terry L. Schwinghammer ; Cecily V. Dipiro ( 2009 ) 7th edition Pharmacotherapy Handbook. United States of America: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ) , it is found that the guideline for intervention and the doses is the same. Furthermore, the information from this web site is dependable and accurate as it was published by Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention, United States of America. It is a United State federal bureau under the Department of Health and Human Services. It works to protect public wellness and supply information sing how to forestall and bring around diseases for the safety intents. It is non-profit based. Beginning 2 Besides that, I evaluated the beginning from a journal article [ Pereira S.M. ; Dantas O.M. ; Ximenes R. ; Barreto ML. ( 2007 ) BCG vaccinum against TB: its protective consequence and inoculation policies ] . The information about BCG vaccinum in this article is proven to be dependable and accurate because it matched with the beginning from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.patient.co.uk/health/BCG-Immunisation.htm. Both of the beginning stated that BCG inoculation is non 100 % guaranteed protection but its high effectivity of about 80 % enable many TB instances to be prevented. ( 2664 words ) How to cite New Cases Of Tb Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

The Conquest Of Mexico Research Paper Example

The Conquest Of Mexico Paper The Conquest of Mexico The Spaniards, in the conquest of the Mexican people, relied Just as heavily on chance and luck as they did on their on their skills on diplomacy and military prowess. The sicknesses that the Spaniards brought over with them in addition to the political situation that the Mexica had established with their neighbors is what really brought about the downfall of the great Mexican civilizations. In addition to these factors there was also the fact that up to this point in history the Americas have had very little in the way of contact from the outside world and consequently had next to o knowledge of the civilizations across the sea. When they first encountered the Spanish Conquistadors they held the belief that they were from the gods and that Cortez was the reincarnation of one of their gods and as such welcomed them with open arms. When you take into consideration all of the factors mentioned above you will see that the conquest of Aztecs and other Native American civilizations by the Spanish was accomplished by three major factors: diplomacy, military prowess, and no small amount of luck. The first of those factors is the diseases that the Europeans brought across the Atlantic with them. The most notable disease that caused the majority of the deaths among the Native American people was the pestilence of smallpox. We will write a custom essay sample on The Conquest Of Mexico specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Conquest Of Mexico specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Conquest Of Mexico specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer An account of Just how devastating smallpox was among a populace whose immune systems had no prior experience with or any way to combat European diseases can be found in book twelve of the Florentine Codex. Before the Spaniards came to us, first an epidemic broke out, a sickness of pustules. It began in Tepeilhuitl. Large bumps spread on people; some where completely covered. They spread everywhere, on the face, the ead, the chest, etc. [The disease] brought great desolation, a great many died of it. Lockhart, 1993, 190) The account goes on to describe the horrors that the disease had left behind in the lives of those who were lucky enough to survive. Many of the survivors had been left horribly scared or even blinded if they were unlucky enough for the disease to spread into their eyes. The main reason that these diseases had such a devastating effect on the natives and not on the Spaniards is the fact that the natives had very little in the way of domesticated animals. The Europeans had for housands of years been in possession of a great many domesticated animal, such as pigs, horses, chickens, and cows, and it is these animals that are usually the incubators and carriers of a great many deadly diseases. Since the Europeans had been around them for so long their immune systems had adapted to the situation and were able to combat the diseases. The Aztecs had no such advantage. The deadly diseases of Europe were something completely new to them and their immune systems had no way to combat them. The Spaniards had no compunctions about taking advantage of the situation in their conquest of Mexico. Another huge factor that the Spanish had in their favor was the superior weapons that they had at their disposal and huge advantage that the weapons gave them in battle. The Aztec people were severely limited in the type of weapon that they could wield in battle due to the simple fact that their civilization had never discovered the created were made from wood and stone. One such weapon that the majority of the Aztec warriors had in their possession is described in the book titled Victors and Vanquished. Their primary weapon was a kind of wooden sword set with obsidian lades designed for slashing and incapacitating rather than killing an opponent. (Schwartz 2000 1 1) The weapons of the Aztec warriors were all similar to that in that they were designed to incapacitate instead of kill. The entire reason for the Aztecs to be at war was the capture of prisoners that they could sacrifice to their gods. The Spaniards were not like that. Their weapons were designed for one purpose, to kill. Many of those weapons, such as the musket or crossbow, had a much greater range than any of the weapons that the natives could field in battle and they had no answer t all to the power of the Spaniards canons. The one factor that made all of every weapon that the Spaniards had at their disposal superior to any Aztec weapon is the simple fact that they were made of steel. There was one obstacle that the Conquistadors had that would prevent them from overwhelming the Aztecs even with their superior weaponry. That aforementioned obstacle was the fact that the Spanish only numbered in the hundreds while the Aztecs had their entire civilization backing them. The way that they were able to overcome that obstacle was through he art of diplomacy. The constant invasions and taking of prisoners by the Aztecs for their human sacrifices had earned them many enemies among their neighbors. When Spain began its exploration of the new world those very same neighbors saw their chance to finally bring about the destruction of their oppressors. An example of this can be found in a Spanish account of the invasion of Chapultepec. The war was sustained fiercely on both sides, since on our side we had the help of many Tlaxacalan warriors (Aguilar, 1993, 196) The constant warfare and human sacrifice hat the gods of the Aztecs demanded of them had finally helped to bring about the downfall of that great civilization. There was no one thing that brought about the downfall of the Mexican people. It was a conglomeration of events that finally toppled the great civilizations. The sicknesses and plaques that the Europeans brought over with them played no small part. The way in which the natives waged war was also a significant factor. The factor that really broke the back of the Aztecs was the constant need for human sacrifice. In their dealings with their neighbors they had created the oundation that Spaniards used for the negotiating of allies in the conquest of Mexico. In this collision of two previously separate worlds it was the Spanish who came out as the victor and the Aztecs as the vanquished. Aguilar, Francisco De. Eighth Jornada. In Victors and Vanquished, edited by Stuart B. Schwartz, 197-198. Boston: Yale University, 2000 Sahagun, Fray Bernardino De. Florentine Codex In Victors and Vanquished, edited by Stuart B. Schwartz, 190. Boston: Yale University, 2000 Schwartz, Stuart B. Victors and Vanquished. Boston: Yale University, 2000.

Find the best online essay writing services with us

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The Early History of Football

The Early History of Football Derived from the English game of rugby, American football was started in 1879 with rules instituted by Walter Camp, player and coach at Yale University. Walter Camp Walter Camp was born April 17, 1859, in New Haven, Connecticut. He attended Yale from 1876 to 1882, where he studied medicine and business. Walter Camp was an author, athletic director, chairman of the board of the New Haven Clock Company, and director of the Peck Brothers Company. He was the general athletic director and head advisory football coach at Yale University from 1888-1914, and chairman of the Yale football committee from 1888-1912. Camp played football at Yale and helped evolve the rules of the game away from Rugby and Soccer rules into the rules of American Football as we know them today. One precursor to Walter Camps influence was William Ebb Ellis, a student at the Rugby School in England. In 1823, Ellis was the first person noted for picking up the ball during the soccer game and running with it, thereby breaking and changing the rules. In 1876, at the Massosoit convention, the first attempts at writing down the rules of American football were made. Walter Camp edited every American Football rulebook until his death in 1925. Walter Camp contributed the following changes from Rugby and Soccer to American football: one side retained undisputed possession of the ball until that side gives up the ball as a result of its own violationsthe line of scrimmage11 on a team instead of 15created the quarterback and center positionsforward passstandardized the scoring system, numerical scoringcreated the safety, interference, penalties, and the neutral zonetackling as low as the knee was permitted - 1888a touchdown increased in value to six points and field goals went down to three points - 1912 The NFL or the National Football League was formed in 1920. A1903 Princeton and Yale Football Game was filmed by Thomas A. Edison

People Resourcing and Reward Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

People Resourcing and Reward - Essay Example In turn, effective planning can serve as a potent remedy some of the most pressing problems faced by companies. According to Kohl (n. d.), human resource planning in indispensable as it "serves to stabilize employment levels when demand for a firm's product is variable." In this case this tool becomes important in "reducing the firm's unemployment compensation liability costs due to layoffs, providing more job security to the firm's employees, and minimizing the costs of overtime during periods of peak demand." This highlights the company's ability to source the needed workforce only when they are required. This is done by hiring temporary employees in order to fill up positions during peak seasons. Human resource planning also addresses the company's problem in employee turnover. This tool prevents young college recruits from leaving the business organization after it has spent on expensive training programs primarily because of the lack opportunities for promotion. As human resource planning uses techniques in order to forecast the future organizational needs of the company, training and skill enhancement programs will only be extended when they are deemed necessary in the future. This then also "reduces the problems of managerial succession by permitting plans for replacements to be drawn up in advance in case key executives resign or die" (Kohl n.d.). In the end, human resource planning also helps in enhancing the financial performance of the company by increasing its profits. It makes possible the allocation of financial resources so that departments will have the necessary people to produce the firm's desired output. Human resource planning is seen as tool which is utilized in maximizing the resources of business organization by assigning each of the members of the workforce to the task or assignments where he or she can function more efficiently. Through this, the skills and knowledge of the human resource is utilized to the areas where they are most needed. However, aside from the perceived advantages of human resource planning, it also has its own set of critiques. Firstly, the effectiveness of the tool is directly linked with the business organizations ability to forecast of human resource needs in the future. Failure to exactly estimate the human resource needs will make human resource planning only a waste of time because the company may still face shortages or surpluses of resources. The hardship of effective forecasting technique is even aggravated by the rapidly changing global markets which make it impossible for companies to predict the future of their operations. Kohl (n.d.) also adds the "inherent mathematical complexity associated to model human resource systems." Until now,

Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Poetry - Essay Example The gloominess of the poems is enough to create a sense of hopelessness and human misery. This paper tends to analyze the two poems, and makes a comparison to comprehend the similarities and differences in them. Let’s start with the 14 line poem â€Å"For My Daughter† by Weldon Kees. The poet starts with a narration of his daughter, and describes the three kinds of miseries that she is going through, or is expected to go through. Lines 2-3 â€Å"Beneath the innocence of morning flesh/ Concealed, hintings of death she does not heed† reveal that the girl is suffering from some disease, and is near to death. The poem was written in a time when disease would go untreated, and this shows in the poem too. She is â€Å"fed on hate† (line 10), which means that her life is burdened with abhorrence. â€Å"Bride of a syphilitic or a fool† (line 12) shows that the girl has been married to a person who is sick with a sexually transmitted disease. He has infected her too which is why she is waiting for death to come to her. The essence of the poem is in the lines 13-14: â€Å"These speculations sour in the sun./ I have no daughter. I desire none.† These lines show the worthlessness of the life of a woman. First, it gets revealed that the poet is talking about a made-up character and has considered it as his daughter; and second, the poet shows hatred toward that character by stating that he does not want a daughter. We assume that he believes that if he had a daughter, she would have gone through a very miserable life, which is why he does not long for her existence anymore. He believes that it is better to have no daughter than to have one and leave her to face all the hurdles of life. This reveals the insignificance of a woman’s life that is stereotyped as despondent and bleak, so much so that it makes a daughter an unwanted being. The free-verse, three stanza poem â€Å"Grass† by Carl Sandburg is a depiction of death leading to worthlessness. The narrator of the poem is â€Å"grass†, which also implies â€Å"Nature†. The grass orders to pile up the bodies of soldiers at Austerlitz, Waterloo, Gettysburg, Ypres and Verdun. Soldiers that have died in wars have to be piled and buried at these places. â€Å"Shovel them under and let me work† is repeated twice, which stress upon the fact that the Nature is running its course no matter what happens. â€Å"I am the grass† and â€Å"let me work† also appear twice, which highlights the power of the Nature. This strength shows in line 3: â€Å"I am the grass; I cover all† because this depicts the fact that Nature has the power to cover the filthy work of humans, making them as clean and pure as they were born. The poem tells how soldiers are killed and buried, and how their sacrifices are easily forgotten by people. Time passes, and people even forget who they were and where they were buried. This shows the worthl essness of the lives of dead soldiers. â€Å"Two years, ten years, and passengers ask the conductor: What place is this? Where are we now?† shows how easily people forget what has happened in the past which enabled them to be what they are. Lessons of history are forgotten but repeated. Whatever happens, Nature continues its work. Putting it all together, it is seen that both the poems compared above are based on the same themes: death and worthlessness. Both the poems are based on different ideas, but talk about human misery, pain,

Importance Of The Nile River For Egypt

Importance Of The Nile River For Egypt Water pollution is the presence of any substances in water which can be harmful for plants and animals that live in water or people who use it. In other word it is the change in the chemical or physical properties of the water and this change can lead to cause damage and health hazards to animals and plants that live inside it or organisms that use it. (1) Importance of the Nile River for Egypt The Nile River is the primary water resource in Egypt, where it represents more than 95% of the total water resources in Egypt and it is the lifeline for Egypt and there are many reasons for its importance which are: Egyptians depends on it to acquire fresh water to use it for various purposes such as drinking, cooking, cleaning and other household uses. Use it for agriculture where fertile land formed around the Nile River and they irrigated by Nile River. The Nile River is an important source of fish. It is used in water transportation because it passes from south to north Egypt. Industry in Egypt depends a lot on the waters of the Nile River. Recently after the construction of the High Dam became the Nile River is an important source for generating electricity to Egypt. (2) (1) http://www.smokefreecolorado.com/cause-for-water-pollutions/ (2) http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090216123423AALSyKI Causes of pollution There are many sources of water pollution in Nile River. Industry Wastewater: Industry is an important user of water. In same time is an important producer of pollution. Water is very important in industry. Water demand for industry was 3.6 Billion Cubic Meters BCM/year in 2000. And they expect to be 5.5 Billion Cubic Meters BCM/year in 2017. So, when industry increases, the water demands increase.(1) Municipal Wastewater In the city, the water which used by people going down through various treatment processes to make it healthy as possible before release it back to environment. Treating water is help to minimize the negative effects of wastewater on the environment. However, some poor cities along Nile River cannot use treatment facilities which are expensive for them. The only way they can use it is dumped in the river without treated. (2) Statistics show that, all governments generate 3.5 Billion Cubic Meters BCM/year of wastewater. Of these wastewater 1.6 Billion Cubic Meters BCM/year receives treatment. In 2017, 1.7 Billion Cubic Meters BCM/year will receive treatment. Although the capacity will increase but it will not be able to covers all wastewater. As it is show in table (1) the number of people serves increase and number of people not served increase because increasing in population. (3) http://www.irgltd.com/Resources/Publications/ANE/2002-09%20Survey%20of%20Nile%20System%20Pollution%20Sources-Egypt.pdf http://sitemaker.umich.edu/sec004_gp5/pollution http://www.irgltd.com/Resources/Publications/ANE/2002-09%20Survey%20of%20Nile%20System%20Pollution%20Sources-Egypt.pdf So, it will not be able to decline the amount of wastewater that is not receiving treatment. (1) Agriculture Wastewater Agriculture is larger consumer of water. And it is in same time contributed in water pollution. Runoff from the agricultural sector frequently contains pollutants that may have an adverse effect on the river. Pollutants such as salts, nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen, and pesticide residue can be found in this runoff. Agricultural runoff often is a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“non-pointà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  pollutant, in that it can come from anywhere in a region, and not from a specific drain. This can make it difficult to There are also problems associated with agricultural runoff seeping into the groundwater as well. (2) Effect of population There are many effect of Nile river pollution. Some of these effects are: The presence of oil on the surface of the river works as a buffer between the sun and the plants. This leads to death of fish and Lack of food for humans. In addition, that will decrease the number of fishermen à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Many fishermen have either left their jobs altogether or migrated,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  el-Fikky said. (3) http://www.irgltd.com/Resources/Publications/ANE/2002-09%20Survey%20of%20Nile%20System%20Pollution%20Sources-Egypt.pdf http://sitemaker.umich.edu/sec004_gp5/pollution http://www.irinnews.org/Report/87416/EGYPT-River-pollution-hits-Nile-fishermen The solid waste thrown in the river hinder the movement of fishermen net and torn nets which reduces the amount of fish and increase the cost on the fishermen. Saed said he usually catches 2kg of fish a day that equal to US$165 a month, but over the past few months he has had an additional headache: his net needs replacing not every month as in the past but every few days, costing him up to $144 a month. The Nile river is source for drinking but because it polluted by human that could cause a harmful effect on human and cause a dangerous diseases. Not only for people whose drink from it but also for people who eat fish or plant from it. (1) http://www.irinnews.org/Report/87416/EGYPT-River-pollution-hits-Nile-fishermen Abstract Water pollution is a serious problem for the all world. And it is considered to be one of the most harmful problems affecting Egypt. The pollution of Nile River is increase especial in the past few decades. Although the Egyptians love the Nile River a lot and it is important for them, not only in economic terms but it has a significant meaning for them. But this did not protect it from pollution. In this report I will explain the meaning of water pollution. Then, I will take about the important of Nile River. After that, I will talk about causes of Nile River pollution which are industry wastewater, municipal wastewater and agriculture wastewater. Final, I will take about effect of Nile River pollution. Introduction Water covers more than two thirds of the Earths surface; and the rest taken up by land. When the population are increase, the demand for water sources are increase. One of these fresh water resources is Nile River. As we know water is essential for life. No organism can live without it. Water pollution is problem effect human, animals and plants. And it caused by different resource. In these report I will try to find the main causes of water pollution in Nile River and the effect of that pollution. Summary In the summary, as you see all water pollution in Nile rive and in any place in the world created by human and then he try again to solve it what he already create. I advice all people to maintain the environment. And keep the water clean. Conclusion In conclusion, I learn from these report that human create problem. Then, it is adversely affecting our life. For that, I think that the maintain of the environment is a joint operation between all members of the community. UAE University Faculty of Science Department of Biology Principles of Environmental Science Done by: Shaikha Mohammed. ID: 201003128. Instructor: Dr. Tarek Youssef.

Findings, Conclusions, Recommendations and Scope for Further Research

Chapter –VI FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND SCOPE FOR FURTHER RESEARCH This research was broad based, involving multi dimensional study of all possible factors influencing the Personal Market in general and Small Car Market in particular. There are very important findings related to influence of socio-economic issues of Indian middle class, infrastructural issues like development of roads, government policies, price and cost of running and maintaining the car etc.Performance of Tata Motors Nano car, which is the smallest car, in the small car segment, and was positioned to meet the requirement of a spatial segment of Indian buyer was also studied extensively. 6. 1 Findings and Conclusions Major findings and conclusions drawn from the study are listed below -1. 71 percent of respondents have shown their preference towards low engine capacity cars to get higher fuel efficiency. It shows that in future only cars giving higher fuel efficiency will be preferred by Indian consumers. . 73percent of the respondents have shown their preference toward small cars as due to increased traffic and congestion on roads. As vehicle population is increasing continuously and size of city roads started appearing narrow, it can be concluded that small cars will prove sustainable in the future. 3. 74 percent of respondents have shown their preference towards small cars due to parking convenience of roads. In cities due to phenomenal increase in number of vehicles, parking is proving to be a big problem.Parking of small cars is a bit easy and therefore, in future people are likely to prefer small cars. 210 4. In recent past car manufacturers have launched a number of models of small cars with comparable features of big cars, consequently small car owners can now enjoy all these features in small cars also. In all 73 percent of respondents have expressed their happiness due to this reason endorsed the purchase of small car. 5.In India still personal disposable income of majority of respondent is not so high that they can afford to buy a big car and therefore, 71 percent of the total respondents have expressed their opinion that their disposable income permit them to buy only a small car and thus small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian car market. 6. In India due to increase in literacy rate and also desire to lead a comfortable life have induced the people to observe small family norm, which can easily be accommodated in small cars, the of choice people is, therefore, shifting towards small cars. 0 percent of total respondents have expressed the view that small car is good for them as they have small family. 7. 70 percent of the total respondents have expressed their opinion that they prefer the small cars as repair facility is available easily and next to their door for the repair of the same. 8. In past few years the number and percentage of women in employment is increasing staidly. Such women employee prefers the small cars due to variety of reasons. 76 percent of the total respondents have expressed their agreement to the fact that increased women employment has boost the sale of small cars.As this trend is going to persist, the future of small car is bright. 9. Increased affluence and easy availability of loans and finance facilities have led to many two wheeler users to buy their first car which is normally a small car. This has made the small cars sustainable in Indian car market. 78 percent of total respondents have endorsed this fact. 10. In past few years urban as well as rural affluence has increased. This has boosted the trend of urbanization. This in turn induces the people to buy 211 ars. In all 77 percent respondents are of the opinion that growing urban population has boost the market of small cars in India. 11. In past one decade a phenomenon improvement has taken place in the road network. This has induced the sale of small cars in India. 81 percent of the total respondents are of the opinion t hat improved conditions of roads even in small cities have led to increase in demand of small cars. 12. Government of India has formulated such policies which stimulate the sale of small cars. 2 percent of total respondents are of the opinion that favorable government policy has boost the sale of small cars. 13. Price of the cars as well cost of spares, parts and component also govern the choice of a car. Normally price of small cars as well cost of spares, parts and components are comparatively low and affordable. Therefore, people prefer to buy small cars. This fact was endorsed by 74 percent of the total respondents. Thus it appears that small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian market. 14. The cost of repair and maintenance is comparatively very low in case of small cars.This also remains one of the considerations in forming the decision to buy a car. 83 percent of the total respondents are of the opinion that lower cost of repair and maintenance has influenced their deci sion to buy a small car. 15. Government levies taxes on small cars by low rate and rate of insurance of small cars is also very low as compare to big cars which are higher priced, therefore large number of people opts for purchase of small cars. A majority (68%) of the respondents have shown their agreement towards this. 16.About 3/4th of the total respondents are of the opinion that small cars are still preferred choice of Indian consumers therefore, it can be concluded that small cars will be sustainable in Indian car market. 17. 77 percent of the respondents are of the opinion that constantly rising costs of inputs and fuel prices will contribute to the sustainability of small cars. 18. Small cars prove sufficient to meet the family needs of Indian middle class and therefore, small cars remain preferred choice of Indian middle class. 212 This fact was endorsed by 82 percent of the total respondents.Therefore it can be concluded safely that small cars are going to be sustainable i n Indian car market. 19. Over the years a status consciousness has developed among Indian middle class and to fulfill this need they prefer to buy small car as most of them can not afford to buy a big car. Therefore, small cars remain a preferred choice of Indian middle class. 82 percent of the total respondents have endorsed this view and therefore it can be concluded that small cars will be sustainable in Indian automobile sector. 20. Indian middle class consumer is buying a car for either as a necessity or for comfort.The financial constraint therefore does not permit him to have the luxury of expensive, out of reach big cars. 82 percent of the total respondents of this study are of the same opinion. Looking to large base of middle class population in India, it can safely be concluded that small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian car market. 21. Parking of cars at residence is proving a difficult proposition now-a-days. Indian middle class resides normally in compact hous es, parking space is in these houses is limited or non existent.In such conditions Indian middle class finds it is more comfortable with small cars. 83 percent of the total respondents acknowledged this fact and endorsed that the parking convenience at residence induces middle class to buy a small car. Thus it is concluded that small car will be sustainable in Indian car market. 22. Family and peer pressure often plays an important role in making buying decision of a vehicle . In case of Indian middle class this pressure induces them to buy small car. 68 percent of the total respondents were of the opinion that this pressure nduces the Indian middle class to buy the small cars. Therefore, small cars will remain a preferred choice of Indian middle class. 213 23. Working women in general and from middle class in particular prefer to buy a small car due to driving and parking comforts offered by such cars. Therefore, small car is a preferred choice of Indian Middle class working women. About 84 percent of total respondents have endorsed this fact. As the number of middle class women employees is on increase continuously, it can be concluded that small cars will sustain in the Indian automobile sector. 4. The focus of current middle class families is more on spending and enjoying life. Their personal disposable income has also increased substantially. The desire to lead a conferrable life is motivating them to buy a car, and with the financial constraint more then often it is small car. Therefore, popularity of small cars is increasing. 80 percent of respondents have shown their agreement that desire to lead comfortable life among middle class will contribute to the sustainability of small cars. 25. Of late Indian middle class has become status conscious.One of the simple ways to exhibit the status consciousness is to buy a car. Therefore, more and more middle class people are embarking upon the decision to buy a car. This fact is going to contribute to the sustai nability of small cars in Indian automobile sector. 83 percent of the total surveyed respondents have expressed their agreement to this. 26. Number of middle class people is on continuous increasing in Indian, since small car is a preferred choice of this segment, it can be concluded that small car will sustain in Indian market. This view has been endorsed by 81 percent of the total respondents. 7. A very small car launched by Tata Motors is not sustainable in Indian automobile sector as 82 percent of the respondents have expressed their opinion against Nano it is perceived as not safe and stable. 28. Tata Motors Nano is not preferred by Indian consumers in spite of being low price and more fuel efficient, as almost 97 percent of the respondents have 214 expressed their agreement to this. Thus price of car and fuel efficiency of it, are not only the factors taken into consideration by Indian consumers while making purchase decision for cars.Their decisions are governed by other fact ors also like safety, features, driving comfort, status, convenience, etc. 29. Nano is not even preferred by Indian consumers as suitable for â€Å"† Only for City use† car.. 91 percent of the respondents have expressed this view. 30. Nano is not a preferred choice of Indian consumers, neither as a first car nor as a second or additional car. 88 percent of respondents have disown it as their choice as a first car and 93 percent of respondents have disown it as their choice as second or additional car. 31. Tata Motors Nano car was positioned as a better alternative for two wheeler.However those who are using two wheelers for their personal and family use and can afford to buy at least a small car are also having hesitation in buying Nano. 93 percent of the respondents have that they would not like Nano to take out their family instead of scooter or a motor bike. Thus it can be concluded that Tata Motors Nano has lost it’s initial charm and hype created in Indian c ar market. 32 Out of the total surveyed respondents (1500) , 1271 respondents have acknowledged that they are using small car ,remaining of respondents said they are not using a small car.This implies that Indian car market scene is still dominated by small car. 33. 79 percent of the respondents those using small car have expressed their satisfaction with a small car. Remaining 21 percent of respondents were not satisfied by with the small car. This very high satisfaction level with the users, is clear indication of sustainability of small car in Indian market. 34. 83 percent of the total respondents have acknowledged that they would like to recommend the car currently being used by them to the prospective buyers.This again shows that most of the car users are satisfied with their 215 present car, whether big or small, and they would like to recommend the same to the prospective buyers. This study has already established the fact that the sale of small car is dominating, this respon se further support the sustainability of small car in Indian market. 35. This study also reveals that 73 percent of the respondents have expressed their opinion that small car will be the preferred choice of Indian Middle Class and will sustain in Indian car market. 6. RECOMMENDATIONDS AND SUGGESTIONS For this study the questionnaire was so designed to get a clear idea about the preferences, choices, socio- economic issues, financial constraints, influencing factor of government actions and policies, consumer profiles etc. Since the study covers interest of all stake holders of Indian automobile sector, the recommendations are grouped under the following†¢ Recommendations for the car and auto component manufactures. †¢ Recommendations for auto finance organizations. †¢ Recommendations for policy planners- †¢Recommendations for prospective car buyers. One important finding coming out of this study, which can change significantly the dynamics of Indian business, is shift in the consumer profile. Though the urbanization is taking place at a very high rate, it is the consumption of Rural India which is increasing at faster rate then Urban India. There for the recommendations for the basis of shift in consumer profile are grouped together, for the four segments of stake holders as specified above. 216 6. 2. 1 Recommendations for the car and auto component manufactures1.The fuel efficiency is one of the prime concerns of the car users and therefore it is recommended that the future car engine designee should be based on fuel efficiency and note on high horse power. 2. The availability of repair facility is having influence on buying decision, and therefore it is recommended that the car manufacturer should address this requirement before introducing any high technology based models of small cars for Indian market. 3. The study reveals that the small car is preferred by working women.Introduction of some variance of the car models having â€Å"Wo men friendly accessories† will attract the women customers. 4. The cost of the spare parts is of concern of car users. To boost the sale of their product it is suggested that the auto component manufacturers, open their dealer networks and service outlets to meet customer’s requirements directly. This is already in practice for car batteries, tyers etc. The Auto electrical segment can also use this. 5. The study reveals that there is shift in consumer profile. The consumer in he rural area is having more stakes in consumption. Currently the car designs are for the urban users. It is recommended that to take advantage of this shift some variance of car models can be designed to attract rural customers. 6. The Tata Motors Nano car is having low price and fuel efficient engine, but as the study reveals it is not accepted by consumers due to various issues like safety, durability, not suitable for long distance travel etc. It is recommended that car manufacture should take a note of this in designing the future models.They are advised to conduct the extensive survey of consumers, particularly, of Nano users, that why a small car launched in Indian car market with a big fan fare could not pick-up and lost its charm in a very short span of time, so that they can revive Nano as per expectations of public and can make it a great success in Indian car market. 217 7. Although 79 percent of the small car users have expressed their satisfaction with the small car being used by them, but 19 percent of the respondents have also expressed their dissatisfaction with the small car which can not be termed as insignificant from any yardstick.Small car manufacturers are advised to develop a suitable mechanism to identify such dissatisfaction and must take concrete steps to overcome their dissatisfaction. 6. 2. 2 i. Recommendations for auto finance organizations. One of the findings of the study is that financing of car purchase is key driver of auto industry. In the discussions it is felt that, as the disposable income is low in the beginning of the career and increases with the passes of time the initial Equated Monthly Installments (EMIs) are proved heavy and burdensome on the purchasers. ii.It is therefore, recommended that auto finance companies can adopt a model of financing in which monthly payment in the initial period can be low, with a gradual increase afterwards. 6. 2. 3 Recommendations for government and policy planners(i) The constantly increasing fuel prices on the one hand support the choice of small car but on the other hand the cost conscious consumer may stop shifting from two wheelers to car. The government, therefore, can take suitable policy decision to offset the impact of increased fuel price by reduction of other taxes and duties on fuel. ii) The study reveals the concern of the parking and traffic congestion on roads. It is recommended that â€Å"Town Planers† and policy makers in the government should suitably ad dress these problems. Looking to the shortage of parking area in the city following solutions can be considered(a) Providing high-rise parking setups with lifts. 218 (b) Parking plazas out side city, with rapid transport system connectivity to business areas. (c) Making it mandatory to use roof tops for parking, like basement is used of high-rise buildings. (d)The traffic congestion on road, especially in cities, is often because of non adherence to the driving discipline by users. The traffic management system, therefore need to be made more efficient, active and accountable. (iii) To further boost automobile sector, more reforms in this sector are required, Since the Auto Policy published in 2002, is already more then a decade old a working group of experts should be asked to come out a new policy frame work, taking into consideration the current status and challenges. 6. 2. 4 Recommendations for prospective car buyers. (i)From this study one fact has come out clearly that, curren tly many models with many variances in each model, are available for a buyer. It is therefore recommended that in selecting a car the buyer should carefully evaluate the technical specifications, and match, the same with his needs. (ii) There are different schemes with different auto finance organizations. With a careful study of the schemes available at the time of car purchase, substantial saving in car financing can be obtained. (iii) Tata Motors Nano car is not favored by majority of the respondents, due to their perceptions, related to safety, stability, status symbol etc.However the manufacturer is continuously working to rectify these concerns. For the buyers having low disposable income, it is therefore recommended that at least considering the very low price of this car, the current model available at the time of purchase can be once again technically evaluated (iv) The government policies for protection of environment are also influencing the engine type and the fuel used in a car. It is therefore 219 recommended that buyer should select a model which is having futuristic technology engine. 6. 2. 5 ESPECIAL RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE BASIS OF SHIFT INCONSUMER PROFILEThis study reveals the fact that the ‘Rural Market’ of India is growing more rapidly then ‘Urban Market’. The perception of car manufacturing industry as well as policy planers with the government in India has considered car as a commodity for urban population. This sift in the consumer profile if taken into serious consideration can lead to following recommendations6. 2. 5. 1Recommendations for the car manufacturesi. The interior design of the cars for the future models can be reviewed, and new models or at least some variants of new models can have features suitable for rural buyer.To give examples the long front seat of retro models can be reintroduced, the capacity of petrol tank can be increased etc. ii. The topographic requirement of rural area can be considere d for technical specifications, of the cars e. g. wheel size, road clearance etc. to make it more acceptable in rural India. It is necessary to provide additional protection against dust to the vital elements, like fuel injection systems, carburetors, ignition system etc. iii. It is recommended that car manufacturers explore the possibility of introducing â€Å"Four Wheel Drive† system in small car as well. iv.The Personal car sales- net work currently focuses more on urban India, a shift is recommended in this approach. v. It is recommended that, after sale service net work is to be extended to rural area. Since the area to be serviced will be very large, a module having a central workshop with mobile service vehicles attached to it can also be considered. 220 vi. For the manufacturer like Maruti having major stake in small car segment, it is recommended that they can develop a system through which some selected fuel outlets can be used for providing authorized repair servic e by tanning the staff of fuel outlet. . 2. 5. 2 Recommendations for auto finance organizationsi. The current system of Equated Monthly Installments, is meeting the requirements of urban consumers which are generally fixed monthly income employees. The earning pattern of the rural consumers is different as it is seasonal. Therefore it is recommended that schemes where the option of repayment in unequaled installments, with a rider to make the complete repayment in a predefined period can be introduced. ii. The cooperative banks are generally very strong in rural India.It is recommended that captive auto finance companies can start exploring the possibilities of working with these banks. 6. 2. 5. 3Recommendations for policy plannersThe growth in auto industry segment works as a catalyst for the entire manufacturing sector. This growth is meeting the two very important key objectives of the government e. g. Improved GDP and more employment. It is therefore recommended that the policy planners in government should design the policies which can boost the sale of cars (small cars) in Indian ruler market.Some of the suggestions are as underi. It is recommended that in place of uniform road taxes throughout the state, a system of differential taxes based on the type of the area in which a personal vehicle is in use can be implemented. ii. To increase the use of cars, more priority should be also given to the roads connecting the villages to nearby cities. 221 iii. It is recommended that like agriculture equipments the soft loan schemes, for rural user to be extended for Personal Vehicles iv.Government should consider suitable tax incentives for the promotion of R & D in the automobile sector, which can be directly attributed to suitable vehicle for Rural India 6. 2. 5. 4 Recommendations for prospective car buyers. i. The service backup is very necessary for the high technology based cars. It is therefore suggested that buyer should examine this aspect carefully. ii. The road conditions may very from the cities in the rural area. The car specifications required to be looked into, from this angle. 6. 3 Directions for Future/ Further Study i. The study pertains to study of sustainability of small cars in Indian automobile sector.This study opens the scope for conducting future researches on the sustainability of big cars MPVs, SUVs, LCVs and heavy vehicles. ii. The study is confined to conduct the study of market sustainability; however, future studies may be undertaken for conducting the technical sustainability, social sustainability, environmental sustainability, and financial sustainability of small cars or any other product. iii. The study also opens the avenue of conducting such study at international level covering different dimensions of sustainability of small cars. 222

Bible - Book Of Job Essay - 514 Words

One area in the bible which I have a problem understanding is the story in the beginning of Job. In this book, God talks to Satan and brags about His servant Job. He then goes on to bet with Satan, that whatever Job does, he will not renounce his faith in God. There are a couple of reasons this strikes me as odd. First of all, why would God, who is all knowing want to have anything to do with making deals with Satan? Secondly, why would Satan be interested in making deals with God, if he knows God already has the future planned out? Lastly, why would God put unnecessary affliction on His best man if it were only to prove a point to Satan? Maybe one of the reasons God would take a bet on by Satan in the†¦show more content†¦There is no other apparent justification for what God put on Job. Maybe something has to happen to one person, to be able to save a thousand. The other side of the story is seen on the part of the Satan, who unwisely, decided to challenge God to a contest, which you think he would know he was unable to win. So why would Satan waste his time making a bet that he knew he would lose? The only reason I can see is that he truly thought Job would fall under the circumstances. This exchange between Satan and God seems like a no win situation. God, on one hand would never have made a bet, which would result in Him, appearing weaker or him losing. But, Satan was stupid enough to make a bet with God, which he surely knew wasnt going to result in a victory. The last question I presented was, why God would put unnecessary affliction on his most honorable and blameless man? This part of the story is what I think of as the most important. Job, just because he was righteous, thought that he didnt deserve to have anything bad happen to him. God made a point in the story when he chose Job as the object of His bet. Not only did God prove something to Satan, but to Job as well. I think Job put it best when he said With nothing from the ground I came, and with nothing I shall return. In conclusion, I think it important to acknowledge how strong JobShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Job Of The Hebrew Bible Essay2049 Words   |  9 PagesThe book of Job in the Hebrew Bible contains both poetry and prose features in one whole personal account that proposes a universal problem: Why does God allow the good to suffer? Secondary to this universal problem, the underlying question, implicitly stated by Job in a fit of agony, â€Å"You will seek me, and I shall be gone.† (Job, p.200, line 47). More explicitly put, there is an unbridled, significant and dependent relationship between God and the mankind he created to roam the earth. 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