What´s Performace Marketing - 1009 Words

LCB/2021 Performance marketing requires a business to examine what is going on inside and outside of the business. Performance marketing helps to give a better understanding beyond sales revenue by making various interpretations such as the quality of a product, market share, making comparisons with similar companies, and others. This type of marketing also takes consideration on ethical, social and environmental effects of their activities. In relationship marketing, its goal is to engage a long-term relationship with stakeholders, which includes customers, suppliers, investors, shareholders and so forth. Relationship marketing fosters loyalty in customers, hence, building customer retention. When businesses are able to create a strong connection with their stakeholders, information that suits their needs and wants can be shared directly through open communication. Extending relationship with business partners will result in better cooperation, less conflict and increase in efficiency. 1b) Apple Inc. has come a long way since 1981. Yet again, Apple has won the â€Å"CMO Survey Award For Marketing Excellence† in 2012 for five consecutive years. Even though Apple is one of the most successful multinational corporation and has become a tech icon, the company had a pretty rocky start. Back in 80s, Apple Inc. originally called Apple Computers, wasn’t the leading company for manufacturing personal computers, while Microsoft flourished, selling their computers at low-costShow MoreRelatedEssay about Human Resources Task 35460 Words   |  22 PagesFirst, we need to ask what performance appraisals are. They are â€Å"The identification, measurement and management of human performances within an organization.† (GOMEZ-MEJIA, 2010) Performace appraisals are popular and used world wide to measure personal and team performace. 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Kulkarni(16094) â€Å"Submitted in Fulfillment of the Requirement for B.A.(Hons.) in Hotel Management† The University Of Huddersfield, UNITED KINGDOM 22nd April, 2010 DECLARATION I declare that this project is the result of my individual effort and it conforms to the university, department and course regulations regarding cheating and plagiarism. No material contained within this project has been used in any other submission by researchers for an academic award. Sneha S. KulkarniRead MoreThe Analysis of Recruitment and Training System to Improve Employee Productivity at Pt Sentrainti Medan18297 Words   |  74 Pagesprevailed in organizations especially for production workers aims at teaching them how to perform the tasks of their respective work posts. By complying with task desriptions as documented and/ or handed down by collagues, workers will then be doing what the organization expects of them, in the way of productivity. Based on the initial research, our company can interview the employees always look the Curriculum Vitae and the total GPA for the employees. And our company cannot do the Recruitment systemRead MoreArticle: Performance Appraisal and Performance Management35812 Words   |  144 Pagesperformance refers to a set of outcome produced during a certain period of their job time and does not refer to the traits, personal characteristics, or competencies of the performer. The evaluation of employee‟s performance reveals the contribution of an individual in the organization‟s objectives. People do not learn unless they are given feedback on the results of their actions. For corrective actions to take place feedback must be provided regularly and it should register both successes and failuresRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesprinted on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 WVR/WVR 0 9 8 7 ISBN 978-0-07-340334-2 MHID 0-07-340334-2 Editorial director: Stewart Mattson Publisher: Tim Vertovec Executive editor: Richard T. Hercher, Jr. Developmental editor: Gail Korosa Associate marketing manager: Jaime Halterman Project manager: Harvey Yep Production supervisor: Carol Bielski Designer: Mary Kazak Vander Photo researcher: Jeremy Cheshareck Media project manager: Cathy Tepper Cover image:  © Veer Images Typeface: 10.5/12 Times RomanRead MoreA Case Study of Performance Appraisal26386 Words   |  106 Pages6.2.2 Other sources of feedback†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..26 2.6.2.3 Self appraisal†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦26 2.6.2.4 Frequency of appraisal†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...27 2.6.2.5 Training and guidelines†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...27 2.6.2.6 The performance appraisal interview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.28 2.6.2.7 What is appraised †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...29 2.6.2.8 Ratings systems and fairness†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦30 2.6.3 Outcomes of the system†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.32 2.6.3.1 Improving performance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦32 5 2.6.3.2 Appraisal and financial reward†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..32 2.6.3.3 PersonalRead MoreA Case Study of Performance Appraisal26392 Words   |  106 Pages6.2.2 Other sources of feedback†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..26 2.6.2.3 Self appraisal†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦26 2.6.2.4 Frequency of appraisal†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...27 2.6.2.5 Training and guidelines†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...27 2.6.2.6 The performance appraisal interview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.28 2.6.2.7 What is appraised †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...29 2.6.2.8 Ratings systems and fairness†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦30 2.6.3 Outcomes of the system†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.32 2.6.3.1 Improving performance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦32 5 2.6.3.2 Appraisal and financial reward†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..32 2.6.3.3

Analysis N.Sparks “True Believer” Free Essays

Dariya Glazova, group 402 Nicholas Sparks  «True Believer » The text under stylistic analysis presents the excerpt from the novel  «True believer » written by Nicholas Sparks. In this passage the author touches upon the issue of generation gap. He contrasts the grandmother, Doris McClellan, with her grandchild, Lexie. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis N.Sparks â€Å"True Believer† or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is known that the adults like to teach their children how they should live their life and Doris isn’t exception. From the very beginning the reader can guess that the granny and her granddaughter are polarities. The author employs the parallel construction  «For Doris, the reason was †¦ For Lexie, the reason was†¦Ã‚ » to enhance this idea. Also we can see that the relationship between these two women are very close because even Lexie is angry with her granny’s interference in her life she loves her with her whole heart. To show that the grandmother’s existence is full of taking care of her lovely treasure the author uses the following choice of word: she meant no harm, frequently wondered aloud, all of her hemming and hawing and such like things. Among the other problems of society Nicholas Sparks raises the question of crisis of women of thirty years in this extract. He draws the reader’s attention to the fact that at her thirties Lexie  «hadn’t settled yet » and she is still in the search of her knight in shining armour. This special kind of her happiness, on the other hand she wants to meet the right guy as every normal girl or woman, is described by the author in the only one masterfully collected word  «her man » and this idea is also strengthened by the graphical expressive mean- the italics of the possessive pronoun her. The powerful effect produced by these stylistic devices is quite unquestionable. But she wants not only to be with the right guy but she wants the only one man who possible never has existed in the real world because he is a figment of her imagination which is created by herself according to the glamorous magazines overstuffed her library. This idea manifests itself through such demands to her chosen one as  «both sensitive and kind, at the same time sweet her off her feet, offer to rub her feet after a long day, challenge her intellectually, buy her flowers for no reason ». Furthermore Sparks draws the parallel between the past and the present which are embodied by main characters. Here we can see that the writer depicts the moral principles of women of the past and the representatives of the gentle sex of modern world. With having a keen eye for details the author claims that in the past women married men who were  «decent, with some principles and had a good job » but modern daughters of Eve want to feel passion for somebody as well and it is not easy for them to get married and find someone special in the whole world. The author’s object in employing the antithesis is quite evident because he enhances the desired effect with the help of this stylistic device. To the conclusion I’d like to wish all the women to find their partner in life but don’t have allusion about your eligible bachelor because everybody architects of his own fortune and also I completely agree with Nicholas Sparks that the excitement alive in the relationship is mostly up to the woman. if I’m wrong, correct me. How to cite Analysis N.Sparks â€Å"True Believer†, Papers

Clusters Small Business and International Competition †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Clusters Small Business and International Competition. Answer: Introduction: Small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) need an entrepreneurial leadership which could open up a wide range of possibilities to itsmanagement and the other stakeholders. In course of action, such SMEs start thinking to grab the opportunity which is achievable also if being approached with strategic plans. This study is purposefully based on the highlighted theme and in course of this; Ascent Solutions is being picked up to further the discussion. The Singapore based SME has caught the attention of business experts in a very shorter period of time. The company is specialized in logistics solutions and provides Internet of Things (IoT) software to the logistics industry not just limited to the local country but has also been expanded to other parts of the world like in Africa (Ascent 2018). The study is purposefully aimed at analyzing the business potentials of the Ascent Solutions. Background of the chosen organization: The chosen organization is a small and medium size enterprise (SME) that has its aim from the very first day of its startup to grow to other parts of the world as well. The company had an idea that the Singapore market is very limited. This is due to the fact it has intended to move to other parts as well. Nevertheless, it had the success in the form of its entry to Africa. It provides the software solution to the logistics industry through its innovative package of software. One of the tools is the iSpot which is an end-to-end solution that incorporates the electronic cargo tracking system of Ascent and also fleetmanagement system (Ascent 2018). The learner has interviewed its CEO and the co-founder Lim Chee Kean. The interview has helped to understand much more about the company. The learner has found that the company had interest in a global expansion from the very first day of its startup. This is the reason why the company had been so innovative and had also successfully landed in the African markets. It was further confirmed by the CEO that they have been able to enter deep insight into the requirements that the overseas clients have by using the Google Analytics. With the help of Google Analytics, they are able to effectively understand what their foreign client needs (Ascent 2018). Internationalization: Focus on a case where a small company made its first international sale. Discuss how it found its first foreign client (E.g. through a local client, or through an intermediary): A small and medium-size enterprise requires a creative and an entrepreneurial leadership which could encourage an entry into the overseas markets. The creativeness in the leader encourages it to go for innovative approaches in regards to product or service development. The entrepreneurial skill in leaders encourages it to take challenging decisions which result in surprising outcomes that may either be positive or negative (Henry et al. 2015). The similar things have had happened with the Ascent Solutions. The CEO of the Company is a part of the Singapores Internet of Things Technical Community. The sheer experience that the co-founder has, had actually encouraged him to think of global markets from the very first day of the business. The CEO had the idea that there are very fewer opportunities in Singapore due to the market saturation; however, the fact that the country supports innovative thoughts had actually worked in favor to this company (Iesingapore.gov.sg 2018). The company takes the help from the local clients who have a better idea of how to move to the overseas markets. The very similar strategy it has followed while planning to expand to the South African and the Mexican markets. In both the market, it has approached to IE Singapore seeking the required assistance (Iesingapore.gov.sg 2018). Nevertheless, they follow the very same strategy at the time of their expansion to the various overseas markets. The CEO of Ascent Solutions has a belief that an SME like its company should seek the assistance of local clients that are specialized in guiding the ways to enter the overseas markets. The travel to its first market is very interesting and knowledge gaining also for the numerous other SMEs that remain confined to their country of origin. The first market for Ascent has been the African markets. The interesting fact that what made it enter the overseas markets was being made clear by the CEO Mr. Lim when interviewed by the learner. The CEO had all surprising answers for the learner. The learner had not imagined the level of innovation an SME can have. However, it had happened and CEO had replied when being asked about the expansion process to overseas markets. Mr. Lim had said that going global' was in the mind from the very first day of the company's business (Chrisman 2015). The CEO further added that the use of innovative approaches had actually helped the company to produce innovative software solutions to the logistics issues. The company has not kept its solution confined just to the domestic circles but they had also considered a rapid progress to various ove rseas markets till the date (Iesingapore.gov.sg 2018). The company at the moment is operating at the various global markets like Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, Kenya, Tanzania, and the Middle East. Interestingly, they have an approximate around 80% of the business outside Singapore (Ascent 2018). The two proprietary products for tracking are Atlas and iSpot. ISpot is an end-to-end answer to logistics challenges which provides an electronic-based cargo-tracking system and a fleetmanagement system as well. Atlas, on the other hand, uses sensor-enabled tags which can also be read with a Smartphone to follow assets. The cargo can now be transport to its destination without any hassle. All thanks to the lock and tamper-proof tracking device, there is no longer the need of inspecting the cargo by customs officers. Atlas, on the other hand, has been used at Singapore's Changi Airport for tracking the assets like pallet dollies. Pilot projects have also been introduced to Africa for tracking livestock, and also the schoolchildren when the y are traveling to and from school (Iesingapore.gov.sg 2018). What were its main concerns with operating international like cost-effectiveness, language and culture: The main concerns of operating at the international level were to get the global platform as the CEO had already sensed a limited opportunity in Singapore (Yousafzai, Saeed and Muffatto 2015). As confirmed by CEO of the company during the interview time that Mr. Lim had wanted it from the very first day of the business to enter the various global markets. The reason could be many; however, it is clear from what the learner had come to know during the interview that Mr. Lim had open views about grabbing the elevated opportunities particularly at the global level (Serra and Kunc 2015). In a course to enhance the business profitability, Mr. Lim had first entered the African markets followed by several other overseas locations like Kenya, Tanzania and the Middle East (Yusof and Jain 2017). As understood from the interview. Mr. Lim had wanted to move out of the box that generally considers SMEs confined just to the local country. The thought was in the picture as the CEO of the Ascent Solutions had wanted bigger markets where it could take the advantage of innovative technologies and has a better chance of incrementing business. Mr. Lim as understood from the interview was also aware of that Singapore has very less to offer because of saturation in the market. The company is very well known for its two proprietary products like iSpot and Atlas. Both are monitored through Cloud-based software. The emerging markets like Africa and Southeast Asia have been quite successful for iSpot (Iesingapore.gov.sg 2018). Mr. Lim had an idea that there are a few countries which need the logistics solution badly (Iesingapore.gov.sg 2018). However, such needs are not served as very few companies in the worldwide countries focus on the prospect. Countries as such Africa had immensely required a solution which could help in tracking the items efficiently. It was his core strategy which compelled Mr. Lim to explore markets where products could be sold (Iesingapore.gov.sg 2018). Explain how the first international sale affected its subsequent trajectory: The first international foothold of Ascent Solutions was Africa which was a result of sheer analytical skills of the companys CEO. It had received a good response which was also expected by Mr. Lim as the African markets had no prior solution from any other company. It had really encouraged the CEO to fulfill his vision to reach a wider global platform. As a result of which they entered Kenya. They were successful again. In Kenya, Ascent helped local customs agencies to slash a journey time from 20 days to just three for an 800 km distance (Iesingapore.gov.sg 2018). After Africa and Kenya, they never stopped and continued moving to different parts of the world like Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, the Middle East and Tanzania. Riding on the success it had in Africa, the company took the assistance of IE Singapore in its various ventures thereof like in proving the concept, business development, patent filing and branding (Iesingapore.gov.sg 2018). They had the products; however, they had wanted ways to enter the potential markets. The CEO was able to resolve this issue and had identified potentials in IE Singapore. It was not less than a leadership act which helped the companys CEO to approach the firm for its further ventures into the various overseas markets (Kernbach, Eppler and Bresciani 2015). The assistance in the form of IE Singapore and the successive successes in Africa than in Kenya had further encouraged Mr. Lim to look for various other locations as well. Moreover, the CEO was smarter enough to identify the potential locations for the products (Morschett, Schramm-Klein and Zentes 2015). Consequently, those locations were being targeted which have struggled in past to respond to the logistics complexity. Of all those locations, few were the emerging markets. Africa and Southeast Asia had faced challenges in tracking the shipment. This was enough reason for Mr. Lim to be attracted towards the African and the Southeast Asian markets (Pippal et al. 2014). Talk also about its second and third sales: The success that the Ascent has in Africa had further encouraged the CEO, Mr. Lim, to look for other potential regions. Lim knew it exactly the countries which could be productive for the business. However, this does not generally happen with an SME and also this was one of the rarest moves that a Singapore based SME had shown resilience to look for global locations (Beckmann, Hielscher and Pies 2014). Due to the fact as revealed in an interview with the CEO of Ascent that Singapore is a small market and also that there are various potential locations at the global platform, Mr. Lim had this vision to operate at the international market. This reflects the entrepreneurial skills in him that encouraged Mr. Lim to think differently than the other SMEs in Singapore do (Drucker 2014). The decision had also paid off as Ascent was successful to enter Africa. The next entrance was in Kenya where iSpot, the proprietary product of Ascent, had helped the logistics industry in the country to slash a journey time from 20 to just 3 days. The further entrance had been into various other locations like Tanzania, the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Middle East. The high visionary in Mr. Lim had compelled him for every possible step like consulting to IE Singapore to enter the global markets. Conclusion: To conclude, it can be said that Ascent Solutions is the rarest SME not only in Singapore but also at the global level that thrives on its visionary thoughts. Such visionary thoughts are largely the contribution of leadership skills in the form of CEO Mr. Lim. Mr. Lim had clear ideas from the very first day of the business. Consequently, the ideas had also paid off and took the company to various global locations like Africa, Kenya, Tanzania, the Middle East and others. The company had always relied on consulting the local firm IE Singapore to strategically land into the various global locations. References: Ascent. 2018.GPS Cargo Security Tracking, GPS Container Freight Tracking. [online] Available at: https://www.myascents.com/ [Accessed 22 Feb. 2018]. Beckmann, M., Hielscher, S. and Pies, I., 2014. Commitment strategies for sustainability: how business firms can transform trade?offs into winwin outcomes.Business Strategy and the Environment,23(1), pp.18-37. Chrisman, J.J., 2015. Creating Value Through Skill-Based Strategy and Entrepreneurial Leadership.Journal of Small Business Strategy,12(1), pp.91-94. Drucker, P., 2014.Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Henry, C., Foss, L., Fayolle, A., Walker, E. and Duffy, S., 2015. Entrepreneurial leadership and gender: Exploring theory and practice in global contexts.Journal of Small Business Management,53(3), pp.581-586. Iesingapore.gov.sg. 2018.Ascent Solutions - Venture Overseas - International Enterprise Singapo. [online] Available at: https://www.iesingapore.gov.sg/venture-overseas/sggoesglobal/Ascent-Solutions [Accessed 22 Feb. 2018]. Kernbach, S., Eppler, M.J. and Bresciani, S., 2015. The use of visualization in the communication of business strategies: An experimental evaluation.International Journal of Business Communication,52(2), pp.164-187. Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H. and Zentes, J., 2015.Strategic international management(pp. 978-3658078836). Springer. Pippal, S., Batra, L., Krishna, A., Gupta, H. and Arora, K., 2014. Data mining in social networking sites: A social media mining approach to generate effective business strategies.International Journal of Innovations Advancement in Computer Science,3(1). Serra, C.E.M. and Kunc, M., 2015. Benefits realisation management and its influence on project success and on the execution of business strategies.International Journal of Project Management,33(1), pp.53-66. Yousafzai, S.Y., Saeed, S. and Muffatto, M., 2015. Institutional Theory and Contextual Embeddedness of Women's Entrepreneurial Leadership: Evidence from 92 Countries.Journal of Small Business Management,53(3), pp.587-604. Yusof, M. and Jain, K.K., 2017. Entrepreneurial leadership and academic entrepreneurship in Malaysian public research universities.DHARANA-Bhavan's International Journal of Business,5(2), pp.87-100.

The Challenges of Life Essay Example For Students

The Challenges of Life Essay We all know that action is the key to success and we always try to be the very best but in a world that will try to knock you down you must have the strength to survive the final round. Growing up today you have to be wise because its hard to tell the truth when its covered by the lies The world can be cruel and the world can be kind but you had better step up or youll be left behind. For the young who learning and for the old who comprehend death is still the thing that gets us in the end we will never understand why we die when we do but we are always replaced by someone else new. We will write a custom essay on The Challenges of Life specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now consequence is no coincidence there is always a reason, always evidence The modern world is full of guile and deceit and to make it to the top is not an easy feat. If money makes the world go around Then why does it cause so many people to be down the rich will be the ones who will always rule the west while the every day person will come in second best. There are many things today that we must understand if in the future you want to gain the upperhand each day we learn something new and until our final day this will continue to be true.

Global Warming Definition Essay Sample Essay Example

Global Warming Definition Essay Sample Essay Example Global Warming Definition Essay Sample Essay Global Warming Definition Essay Sample Essay What causing global warming Global warming is defined as the climatic change in the environment by thE rise in temperatures. Global warming is affecting each and very aspect of life both at individual and global level. When the climatic system changes the environment is left to degrade and the effects are very tremendous. I shall discuss the three levels we can stop the global warming solely so and then conclude with the recommendations to stop the same. 1. PERSONAL LEVEL This is the most essential level that ought to be concentrated on so that we can stop,on a personal level it is very simple to act and stop the global warming. For this to be achieved we ought to deal with it by A. EDUCATION : Education is very crucial for this to work as most of the time the society is not aware that there is global warming and it will affect them before they know. When the people know that the environment is degrading they would do anything to try and sustain the same for our future generation. Education can only be done on individual level by concentrating on every areas and mostly the ones affected greatly by acts that lead to global warming. B. FUNDING Funding is equally important as the education because for the education to reach the masses money must be used. Funding of the education as a key component of stopping the global warming must be done so that education can reach every corner of this world. C. SELF INITIATIVE As individuals we can decide to act on self initiative to stop the Global warming. When individuals come together they can stop using products that affect the environment, and even plant trees so that the environment can be clean. 2. GOVERNMENTAL LEVEL The government of a country controls everything in its country and it can stop global warming by doing and concentrating on the following key issues, A. LAWS One of the causes of global warming is brought by emission of gases and this can be controlled by the government by enacting laws that protect the environment. Factories emitting these gases can be closed down if they do not conform to these rules and advise them to use environment friendly products B. FUND EDUCATION The government ought to fund the education to go to the common man who will in turn do his part so that global warming may be stopped. 3. INTERNATIONAL LEVEL The international bodies that are mandated to protect the environment can also be very crucial to the protection of the environment. These international bodied can A. ORGANIZE FORUMS When the international bodies organize forums to protect the environment the government involved can adopt these recommendations at that meeting and implement them as laws so that they can protect the government. B. RECOMMEND These international bodies can recommend to the stakeholders of these meetings what they propose so that we can protect the environment. RECOMMENDATIONS Every person should pray his part to protect the environment so that we can meet the standards and protect the environment.

GCSE Distance Learning How to Save Money with an Individual Online Course Plan

GCSE Distance Learning How to Save Money with an Individual Online Course Plan GCSE Distance Learning: How to Save Money with an Individual Online Course Plan Like any other examination or certification, GCSE requires a great amount of effort and time for profound preparation. There are dozens of courses that provide classes, necessary material and assistance in whatever subject your choose, but they are quite costly. Even online lessons of GCSE training start at  £285 – the sum that doesn’t sound affordable at all. But if you are ready to dedicate some time to planning and counting, we have a good, much cheaper   (or even free) option for you – online courses from main knowledge providers on the Internet. You could say that they are irrelevant to GCSE, but you can change that by creating your own individual plan. It’s quite easy to do: Look at the syllabus of a specialized GCSE course – they usually describe in detail which topics will be covered on each lesson. Find free courses that cover those topics. Plan the learning time to make it till certification and arrange lessons for yourself to closely follow the schedule. Want to see how it works in practice? Here you go! Mathematics According to an online course on icslearn.co.uk, it is necessary to cover algebra, geometry and measures, ratio, rates of change and proportion just in the first unit because this is an important foundation, essential to progress further. Let’s see what we can spot on the Internet for free to go through these topics: Algebra Basics: Foundations by Khan Academy Algebra in Mathematics by Alison Introduction to Geometry by EdX Ratios, rates and proportions by Khan Academy As you can see, there is a chance to find at least 2-3 different courses on one topic from various providers. You have a wide range of variants to choose from and that’s the beauty of it. English Language Let’s take another very important subject and try looking for budget compliant variants for you. The interesting fact is that taking paid courses is the main means of preparation among students, but according to a 2016 statistic, the number of people gaining A-C grades in English GCSE dropped by 2.1%. So, it’s not always all about expensive training. Well, the more motivation to try something new ☠º A regular course on the English language GCSE exam includes punctuation, spelling, parts of speech, speaking and writing on different topics as well as reading comprehension. Now, we’ll have a look at its free online counterparts: Grammar and Punctuation by Coursera Parts of Speech: the Noun by Khan Academy (contains a course for every part of speech) Speaking and Writing English Effectively by Alison Speak English Professionally by Coursera Transform Your Writing Skills by Coursera Nowadays, online education is on such a level that you can freely rely on the knowledge it provides, and that’s a great benefit. Of course, this kind of preparation for GCSE coursework will take more time because topics will repeat and some will be omitted (you will have to research them separately). But you have a chance to do it for free, and if money is the governing factor for your decision, hesitate no more. Start planning your own individual course!

No Child Left Behind Program Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10500 words

No Child Left Behind Program - Coursework Example However, the implementation of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) program has brought a new level of cogency to the necessity of schools working to ensure that more and more of their students move toward proficiency goals in math and reading/language arts, as well as improving attendance and graduation rates. The lofty goal of the program is to ensure that by 2014, all students in all schools are academically proficient in both math and reading/language arts (Tennessee Department of Education, 2005). Proficiency requirements have been established for nine populations within schools, including five race and ethnic groups, students with disabilities, limited English-proficient students, economically disadvantaged students, and the school as a whole (Tennessee Department of Education, 2005). Under the NCLB, schools, rather than individual children, are labeled according to their ability to meet the standards. A school or district that fails to meet the NCLB benchmarks for a year is labeled a "target school." A school or district that tails to show progress in the same category (math, reading/language arts, and attendance or graduation rates) for two consecutive years will be labeled "high priority." If the school or district so labeled shows progress two years in a row, it will be removed from the high priority list; should it fail to meet federal benchmarks but the number of students whose scores rise is 10% or more, as well as meeting a designated additional indicator, the school will still be considered to have met the NCLB standards under a "safe harbor" provision (Tennessee Department of Education, 2005). While the federal standards are relatively rigid, there is the opportunity for states to contribute to them. In Tennessee, under NCLB, K-8 schools will be considered to have met federal requirements if all of the subgroups demonstrate: "- 95% participation rate on all state assessments "- Required proficiency in math as determined by TCAP achievement tests "- Required proficiency in reading/language arts as determined by TCAP achievement tests and writing assessments "- 93% attendance rate for the school year or improvement from the previous year 9th -12th grade schools will meet federal benchmarks if they demonstrate in all of the subgroups: "- 95% participation rate on all state assessments "- Required proficiency in math Gateway tests "- Required proficiency in reading/language arts as determined by English Gateway tests and writing assessments "- 90% graduation rate for the school year or improvement from the previous year" (Tennessee Department of Education, 2005). Negative assessment of schools and districts is the hallmark of NCLB. If a school or

Definition of Racism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Definition of Racism - Essay Example The influence of environmental factors such as the family, school, and religion which all played a part in molding the characteristics and traits of a person are downplayed; the characteristics of a person have already been determined by his/her race. Connotative Meaning The definition of racism above connotes that a specific race will have a specific set of qualities and characteristics which make it different from other races. That difference can be interpreted as superiority or inferiority depending on the person who looks at it. Some races, then, are simply superior to other races; they possess the genes that establish the superiority of their race even before they were born. Racism in this sense is a work of nature rather than a construction of culture and society. The belief that certain races are better than other races is another connotation of racism. It is a belief system that people hold about different races that influences how they see their own race and its relation to other races. This definition shows that races fall on a hierarchy; it could be a hierarchy of class, intelligence, or political power that guides people’s beliefs about their own and other people’s races. ... Racism can also lead people to discriminate against other races. This refers to the behavioral manifestation of racism. While other people keep racist ideas in their minds, others would act out those ideas and display racist behaviors. When people hold a belief of superiority or inferiority of other races, this could result to a discriminating or a hostile behavior towards people belonging to other races. Since a person believes that his/her race is better than others, he/she would tend to treat people belonging to a specific race unfairly and unjustly. The next connotation of racism that I’ll be tackling is about the distorted belief system that people hold against other races. First, there is no verifiable evidence which supports the idea that race predetermines the traits and characteristics of the people possessing it. There are just too many factors that influence people’s traits and characteristics. Attributing those traits and characteristics to race alone seems illogical. Second, there isn’t a single race that excels or performs best in a specific area such as business, sports, or politics, for instance. Successful people in those areas mentioned may come from different races (e.g. African-American Kobe Bryant and Argentinean Manu Ginobili for basketball). Racial differences are always present but these differences, however, are cultural in nature. A person’s accomplishment and achievement are only partially influenced by the culture he/she belongs to. Family, religion, education will have bigger influence than race in how a person grows and matures. It doesn’t follow, then, that differences in race will create superiority in a particular race. This notion of difference and otherness is another connotation of

The aim of this investigation Essay Example for Free

The aim of this investigation Essay I am given an investigation which I have to plan myself; it is about an unknown organic compound that is either an alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester or phenol. I have to suggest a series of simple chemical tests, which could be done in test tubes, to distinguish the functional group of this organic compound. I am going to be observing any change of colour, formation of precipitate or the evolution of gas when adding certain chemicals to this compound. The aim of this investigation is to find the functional group by carrying out simple chemical tests and, later, identify the organic compound by using the spectra. Chemicals and Apparatus   10   test tubes   measuring cylinder (5 cm3)   pipette Bunsen burner   Splint   Gas syringe   Unknown organic compound   Bradys reagent   Bromine water Sodium metal Tollens reagent   Calcium Carbonate   Limewater Safety Plan Read the method carefully and understand it before attempting on carrying out any experiment. Have some knowledge of the chemicals to be used to minimise hazards in the procedure. Wear gloves, goggles and a lab coat at all times during the experiment to prevent accidents to one and to fellow pupils. Method Test 1. A Set up the apparatus carefully.   Measure 3 cm3 of the unknown compound into a small measuring cylinder.   Pour this into a test tube.   Add 3-6 drops of Bradys reagent (a solution of 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in dilute acid) to the test tube.   If yellow/ orange crystals start to appear, then the test has shown a positive result and..   The unknown is proved to be either an aldehyde or a ketone. Move on to Test 1. B   If no reaction happened, then the test has shown a negative result. So skip to Test 2. A. Test 1. B. To distinguish the carbonyl compound, measure 3 cm3 of the carbonyl compound in a measuring cylinder.   Pour this into a new test tube   Add 3-6 drops of Tollens reagent (a solution of silver nitrate in aqueous ammonia) to the test tube.   If a silver mirror forms around the inside of the test tube, the compound is proved to be an aldehyde. However if no reaction occurs, it is a ketone. Test 2. A   Measure 3 cm3 of the unknown into a measuring cylinder.   Pour this into new a test tube.   Throw a pinch of Sodium metal to the unknown. If gas is liberated, quickly light a splint and place it over the test tube. If you hear a popping sound, this confirms that the gas is in fact Hydrogen and the unknown compound is either a phenol, alcohol or a carboxylic acid. Move on to Test 2. B.   If no reaction occurs then the unknown is an ester which should also give a sweet smell. Test 2. B Measure 3 cm3 of the unknown into a measuring cylinder.   Pour this into new a test tube.   Add 6-10 drops of Bromine water to the test tube. * If Bromine is decolourised (from orange to clear) and a white precipitate forms then this confirms that the unknown is actually a phenol. If no precipitate forms then the unknown is either an alcohol or a carboxylic acid. So move on to Test 2. C. Test 2. C   Measure 3 cm3 of the unknown into a measuring cylinder. Pour this into new a test tube. Throw a pinch of Calcium Carbonate to the unknown   If a gas is liberated, shut the tube with a cork that has a hole in it and is connected to a tube and a gas syringe.   The gas should collect in the gas syringe. When gas stops evolving, bubble the gas into 5 cm3 of limewater.   If the limewater goes milky in colour, this proves that the gas is Carbon Dioxide and that the unknown is a carboxylic acid. If no reaction occurs, then the unknown is confirmed to be an alcohol. Fair test Doing a fair test is completely essential for achieving accurate and reliable results which would take a large part in the conclusion at the end, and also for avoiding errors and anomalous results. I will make sure that this happens by many ways, by choosing: 1. Relevant and accurate equipment with very small percentage errors. 2. Washing and drying up the equipment thoroughly after each experiment ensuring that they are contamination-free. 3. Taking measurements carefully as specified by the method. 4. keeping a straight line of sight when reading measurements of solution in the measuring cylinder 5. Always read the bottom of the meniscus of any solution when taking measurements. Bibliography For this investigation, I mainly used the yahoo search engine from the internet as my primary source of information e. g. Bradys reagent; with addition to a variety of books, where I looked up various reactions of compounds. The rest of this investigation is done using my knowledge and understanding of this subject.

John Updike :: essays papers

John Updike Men and women have depended on each other forever. The unique bond between the male and female is often discussed through literature. John Updike examines male freedom as a myth. Through his writing, John Updike shows a man’s need of women. In the novel â€Å"Marry Me† by John Updike an ordinary suburban love affair is illustrated. Jerry is a man, engulfed by self-hatred, as well as raging anger. Sally, his mistress, is a depressed and confused woman lacking self-confidence. Jerry is in a marriage with Ruth, but it is by name only. The true elements of love, passion and pure sexual appetite are only exhibited through the love affair Jerry is having with Sally. Men are the focus of John Updike’s literature. Using male characters allows Updike to open up a feminized world. The men in Updike’s novels are victims of forces, which only the reader understands, but the character does not. Women are usually the only masculine pursuit in John Updike’s novels that offer the promise of relief. Jerry lives in a typical Connecticut suburb. His home lacks the usual male obsession of both work and sports. Jerry’s only urge for advancement was for money purposes. Unlike the traditional love triangle, which leaves two men fighting for one woman, Updike puts Ruth and Sally in competition for one man. John Updike provides the character assessment of Jerry to be one of a man with boyish hope for pure love with the â€Å"perfect† woman and his underlying wants and needs to love, as well as his helplessness to understand his own complicated life. In numerous pieces of John Updike’s literature when the male character finds the woman of their dreams, he will eventually begin to hate her. Jerry conquers Sally and overpowers her concerns for her small children, her marriage, as well as her devotion to family and her financial security. However, he is extremely unwilling to change, but in the same way unable to remain the same man. He knows what he desires in a woman. Jerry wants a warm woman, yet he stays with a cold woman. Ruth (Jerry’s wife) keeps both his anger and contempt alive, but he still stays with her. He looks in turn to his mistress Sally to give him strength and encouragement. However, by sally giving Jerry the support he will truly craves, she allows him to become frustrated and angry at her for threatening to demolish the hatred, which binds him to Ruth forever.

The Case to Keep Drugs Illegal

The Case to Keep Drugs Illegal The article, â€Å"Don’t Legalize Those Drugs†, by Barry McCaffrey was made to claim that the current United States policy against drugs is indeed successful and should not be abolished. McCaffrey claims, â€Å"Drug use imposes an unacceptable risk of harm on the user and others,† then proceeds to provide substantial support for this claim. He also claims â€Å"harm reduction†, or the softening of the drug laws, would have a negative effect on our countries well-being.The strength of McCaffrey’s argument is his ability to support his claims. One of his main supports is that â€Å"Substance abuse wrecks families†. He then provides perceived facts about child maltreatment, death rates, and other problems in families with substance abuse issues. He also discusses crime outside of families and how having legal drugs, our crime rate would actually increase because people on drugs are more likely to commit crimes.He u ses the statistic that says â€Å"in 1997, a third of state prisoners and about one in five federal prisoners said they had committed the crimes that led to incarceration while under the influence of drugs. † There are many warrants that connect McCaffrey’s evidence to his claim. The most obvious one is the accuracy of his sources. There are many facts that are based on percentages and surveys but there is not a clear sample size. How many people are being surveyed or where are the statistics being gathered are all valid questions.He also says that â€Å"studies show that the more a product is available and legitimized, the greater will be its use†. This needs many warrants, what study actually shows this and how can it be proven that use will be more common? Finally, he stands firm against â€Å"harm reduction† and claims this will make drug use greater, but one could definitely argue that â€Å"harm reduction† would help drug abuse. McCaffrey dis cusses how he believes drug policies can be improved without being abolished as a counter argument to those who believe the current system is unsuccessful.He talks about how prevention is the true solution to our country’s drug issues. Also, his defense to those who argue for choice, he says that we have agreed consistently against things that can cause harm to us. Fore example, wearing a helmet when on a motorcycle therefore, the drug issue is no different. Overall, this is a well written argument and McCaffrey does a great job supporting his claim and making claims against counter arguments. Works Cited McCaffrey, Barry R. â€Å"Don't Legalize Those Drugs. † Washington Post June 1999, n. pag. Print.

Nx448 Business Game Report

Contents Part 1 Introduction3 1. 1 Business Objective3 Part 2 Company Performance4 2. 1 Round 14 2. 1. 1 Discrepancy analysis4 2. 2 Round 26 2. 2. 1 Business Strategy6 2. 2. 2 Round 2 Forecast7 2. 2. 3 Discrepancy Analysis7 2. 3 Round 38 2. 3. 1 Business Strategy8 2. 3. 2 Round 3 Forecast9 2. 3. 3 Discrepancy Analysis9 2. 4 Round 49 2. 4. 1 Business Strategy9 2. 4. 2 Round 4 Forecast10 2. 4. 3 Discrepancy Analysis10 2. 5 Key Performance Indicators11 2. 6 Performance Evaluation Comments12 Part 3 Learning14 3. 1 Financial Management14 3. 2 Human Resource Management15 3. 3 Operation Management16 3. Marketing Management17 Part 4 Team Performance18 4. 1 Team18 4. 1. 1 Management Team18 4. 1. 2 Decision-making Process19 4. 1. 3 Leadership19 4. 1. 4 Team Role19 4. 2 Individual20 4. 2. 1 My Contribution20 4. 2. 2 My learning about effective teamwork and decision making20 4. 2. 3 Suggestions for Improving My Performance21 Part 5 Conclusion21 Part 6 Reference22 Part 7 Appendices23 7. 1 Design and Options23 7. 2 Warranty Cost24 7. 3 Other Key Performance Indicators25 Part 1 Introduction This report will give a clear analysis and explanation of the company performance during the business game.Learning about four main business functional areas (Finance, Marketing, Operation and Human Resource) will be discussed in part 3. Team performance and individual assessment will be critically evaluated in part 4. 1. 1 Business Objective Moon Star Motors aims to provide customers with the ability to own a car and lead the customers to experience comfort and quality at an affordable price. We intend to create a distinctive place in the market for our products and build up brand value of quality and reliability in the mind of customers.The initial business objectives set up by management team is: * Increase sales annually * Maximise our profit * Sell out 98% of our cars for every round * Obtain 16% return on investment by the end of round 4 | City Car – TIKI| Large Car – C RUISER| Total| Forecast Production (Units)| 85,000| 35,000| 120,000 | Sales Income (? m)| 850| 833| 1,683| Post Tax Profit (? m)| -| -| 20| Bank Balance before Loan (? m)| -| -| -74| Closing Bank Balance (? m)| -| -| 26| Table 1. 0 Forecast for year 1 Part 2 Company Performance 2. 1 Round 1 2. 1. 1 Discrepancy analysisUnsold stock In round 1, we forecast to sell out both TIKI and CRUISER. However, only 80% of TIKI is sold, with 17,393 units left. We concluded three main reasons as following: * Supply over demand. We are over confident to sell big volumes with low price, but the market actually reached saturation. * Unattractive and inflexible options. In order to maintain low material cost, we only offer two options for customers to select. It might affect the popularity of our TIKI and make it less competitive compared with other car manufacturers. * Not enough promotion.We invested 23 million on market promotion via television and internet, which is about ? 200for every single car . We didn’t invest too much for this round because we want to firstly evaluate the effect of advertisement. Net profit We forecast 20 million net profits and actual figure is minus 116 million. This is mainly due to the large amount of unsold stock and ineffective pricing strategy. The total contribution is unable to recover our fixed cost. In other words, the break-even point is set up too high and our sales volume did not reach BEP.Meanwhile, some overheads such as professional charges and warranty claims are not properly calculated. Gross margin The difference between forecast and result for gross margin of TIKI and CRUISER is 3. 21% and 7. 08% respectively. It is mainly caused by the unexpected extra direct cost. For example, the worker strike increase our labor cost of both models and the option take-up is more than our estimate. Market share Our target market share is 1. 5% for TIKI and 1. 2% for CRUISER. We sold out all our CRUIER and hit the large car sales target. Ho wever, market share for TIKI is around 0. % less than we expected due to our unsold stock. 2. 2 Round 2 2. 2. 1 Business Strategy New Pricing Strategy The management team decided to adapt average pricing strategy in round 2 for two main reasons: * We already access successfully to target market. * Low price high volumes strategy did not make profit. Sales income must be increased in order to recover all overheads in this round and most of the loss in previous round. Based on this, TIKI gross margin increased 2% to 14. 24%, while CRUISER gross margin increased 4. 3% to 25. 25%. ProductionProduction for TIKI in this round has to decrease due to 17,393 units in stock, and we try to sell them out in round 2. Meanwhile, results of round 1 indicated that CRUISER won thepopularity in the market so we intend to increasethe production by 10,000 units. Based on the production adjustment and market predictions, the market share of CRUISER will increase from 1. 2% to 1. 5%, while TIKI maintains 1. 2% market share. Under this situation, our forecast sales will reach ? 2058 million in round 2. Redundancy The harshest decision made by management team is to cut down 574 workers.Even though we understand this have negative effects on industrial relations, it is far beyond our business objective to over produce the cars and keep unsold stock by the end of the year. Therefore, we forecast a 2. 4 million of redundancy cost within total overheads. 2. 2. 2 Round 2 Forecast round 2 forecast| TIKI| CRUISER| Total| production/ units| 51,000 | 45,000 | 96,000 | selling price ? | 11,800 | 27,800 |   | gross margin %| 14. 24%| 25. 25%|   | sales income ? m| 807| 1,251 | 2,058 | total overhead ? m|   |   | 262| post tax profit ? |   |   | 82| closing bank balance ? m|   |   | 12| 2. 2. 3 Discrepancy Analysis There are three main differences between round 2 forecast and results: (1) production (2) Sales (3) pre-tax profits. Production Production (units)| TIKI| CRUISER| tota l| Target| 51,000| 45,000| 96,000| Actual| 49,668| 44,467| 94,135| Difference| | | 1,865| Our target production is 96,000 units but we actually produced 94,135 units, with 1,865 units missing. This is mainly because the redundancy decision initiated serious worker strike, which is recorded as 41 days in our company report. Thus, the actual production did not hit our target.Sales Sales (? m)| Total| forecast| 2,058 2,058 | actual| 2,017 | difference| 41 41 | The discrepancy between forecast sales and actual sales is 40 million. We have 387 units CRUISER in stock which could increase our sales by 11 million if we can sell them out. And we will get 29 million more if we are able to hit the target production of 96,000 unites and sell them up. Pre-tax profit The actual pre-tax profit is less than the forecast due to wrong calculation on current account interest and loans interest. We have closing bank balance of minus 270 million last round.According to overdraft facility, we forecast to pay 11% of 270 million as overdraft interest which is around 30 million, but it actually is 15% of that amount and cost us 40 million. Besides, an extra 8 million is deducted as the interest of 100 million bank loans of round 1 and is ignored when we did financial forecast. 2. 3 Round 3 2. 3. 1 Business Strategy Personnel Decisions Management team decided to maintain the size of workforce and to increase wages by 8% and training investment by 25% in order to improve worker satisfaction and commitment, especially after we suffer a great loss caused by 41 days strike.We hope to effectively control the strike in this round and expect the improvement of productivity. Automation Investment Management team made a decision of doubling the automation investment due to two main reasons. Firstly, it is recognized that automation can effectively increase the productivity and decrease the high wage bill. Secondly, the profit we made in previous round increases our confidence and financial capa city to introduce new equipment. 2. 3. 2 Round 3 Forecast round 3 forecast| TIKI| CRUISER| Total| production/ units| 65,500 | 40,500 | 106,000 | selling price ? 12,270 | 28,600 |   | gross margin %| 15. 25%| 28. 98%|   | sales income ? m| 804| 1,169 | 1,973 | total overhead ? m|   |   | 281| post tax profit ? m|   |   | 118| closing bank balance ? m|   |   | 158| 2. 3. 3 Discrepancy Analysis Gross profit Gross Profit| forecast| actual| difference| Sales (? m)| 1,973| 1,973|    0| cost of sales (? m)| 1,512| 1,577|    65| gross profit (? m)| 461| 396| 65| The actual gross profit is 65 million less than our forecast, even though our sales reach the target. This is mainly caused by exceeded materials costs.It is indicated on company report that design and options cost for CRUISER is ? 7572 per unit, but we only count it as ? 6186 when we forecast. In this situation, we are charged ? 1386 more for producing every CRUISER. It reflects that the options we offer to cust omers are of great popularity and we should enlarge option take-up percentage when doing the material cost forecast for next round. 2. 4 Round 4 2. 4. 1 Business Strategy Sales target Encouraging by the good financial performance of last round, management team decided to increase the sales by 32% in round 4 in order to further satisfy our shareholders.However, we do not plan to increase the gross margin for both models because we guarantee customers of good value for money. Thus, we expect the high volumes sales bring us profit. Design and options To make our cars competitive, we add more options to both models for customers to choose based on the popularity indicators (see appendix). Since the very beginning, both 3/5 door hatch with small engine (city car) and MPV with diesel engine (large car) are most popular designs for our target age group. So, the adjustment is focused on the alternative options. Promotion ExpenditurePromotion expenditure will increase by 34% to ? 40 million. This decision is made by management team with attempt to make our products sold better. Market predictions indicated that city car market and large car market will shrink by 12% and 9% respectively. That is to say, risk of keeping stock is high if we increase our production in round 4. Thus, we hope the promotion and advertisement could help reduce that risk. 2. 4. 2 Round 4 Forecast round 4 forecast| TIKI| CRUISER| Total| production/ units| 70,000 | 44,550 | 114,550 | selling price ? 13,900 | 26,800 |   | gross margin %| 15. 34%| 30. 73%|   | sales income ? m| 973| 1,639 | 2,612 | total overhead ? m|   |   | 308| post tax profit ? m|   |   | 235| closing bank balance ? m|   |   | 412| 2. 4. 3 Discrepancy Analysis Unsold Stock We expect to achieve zero closing stock but actually have 12,853 units unsold which worth ? 246 million. As a result, we are unable to reach target sales, post-tax profit and target market share. Market Share| TIKI| CRUISER| round 3 result| 1. 20%| 1. 51%| round 4 target| 1. 46%| 1. 80%|After evaluation, we conclude two possible reasons which contribute to this result: * We over estimate our capacity and are hurry to expand the market share. As shown on the table, we increase 0. 26% for TIKI and 0. 34% for CRUISER. It seems better if we execute market expansion step by step. * The competitors’ price might have negative impact on our sales. In final round, in order to offer more alternative choices and high quality experience to customers, we added more popular and high cost options for both TIKI and CRUISER, which increase our direct cost per car and make it hard to decrease the selling price. . 5 Key Performance Indicators Performance indicators| round 1| round 2| round 3| round 4| Sales | 1509 | 2017 | 1973 | 2274 | Sales growth (decline) %| -| 34%| -22%| 15%| Cost of sales| 1333 | 1599 | 1577 | 1700 | Cost of sales ratio %| 88%| 79%| 80%| 75%| Profitability| Gross profit margin %| 12%| 21%| 20%| 25%| Operating profit %| -7%| 6%| 6%| 12%| Net profit %| -8%| 3%| 5%| 9%| Return on assets %| -24%| 12%| 14%| 26%| Return on investment %| -23%| 21%| 18%| 36%| Liquidity| Current ratio| 0. 64| 1. 26| 3. 52| 3. 24| Quick ratio| 0. 13| 1. 1| 3. 52| 1. 45| 2. Performance Evaluation Comments In general, sales increased from ? 1509 million in round 1 to ? 2274 million in round 4 – an increase of 51%. Over this period, we did not launch any new model and enlarge the sales volumes too much. The main reason for sales increase is the growth of our selling price. Direct cost of sales decreased yearly from 88% in round 1 to 75% in round 4. Even though inflation raises material costs and we offer a pay rise to our workers, we are still able to handle the cost/sales ratio efficiently by adapting smart and efficient pricing strategy.Profitability: Gross Margin % The gross margin has doubled from 12% (round 1) to 25% (round 4). In real money terms, our gross profit increased from ? 176 million to ? 574 mi llion. This trend indicated that return on sales improved. Although direct cost of sales increased year by year, we adjust our pricing strategy in order to make our business more profitable. Operating Profit % Operating profit margin improved from minus 7% (round 1) to 12% (round 4) indicatingmore efficient operation management. To be specific, stock upkeep cost and redundancy cost are well managed.The R&D investment and warranty costs are effectively controlled. Even though the investment on promotion and training increase yearly, this cost is balanced by the decreasing depreciation cost due to the book value of our fixed assets reduced yearly. Net Profit % Net profit margin shows an increasing trend from minus 8% (round 1) to 9% (round 4). Our company remains profitable since round 2. This indicated that our business is successful in consistency of earning. Return on Assets % The return on assets grows dramatically from minus 24% (round 1) to 26% (round 4).This indicates that mana gement is more and more efficient in using business assets to generate profit. Return on Investment % The return on capital employed shows a similar trend, except a slight decline of 3% in round 3. The ROI is 36% by the end of round 4, which has actually achieved our business objective. Liquidity: From round 1 to round 3, the current ratio increase from 0. 64 to 3. 52 times, and the quick ratio increase from 0. 13 to 3. 52 times. The increasing ratio indicates that we have more cash flow to pay our creditors (quick settlement) and meet our short-term obligations.In round 4, the current ratio drop slights to 3. 24 times and the quick ratio drop greatly to 1. 45 times. This trend looks good because high ratio does not mean a healthy cash position of the business. It indicates that we do not use our capitals properly and efficiently. In conclusion, according to our current liquidity situation, our company is suggested to reduce the stock levels and to invest surplus cash in longer term investments. Market Share From round 1 to round 4, market share of TIKI increased from 1. 21% to 1. 35%, despite a slight decline in round 2.Market share of CRUISER increased sharply in round 2 compared with round 1, then showed a tiny increase trend year by year. It indicated that we are successful in persistently and steadily supplying products to the market. Overall, our company’s performance has been improved in several ways, (e. g. sales, profit, creditors, market share, etc. ) In addition, it would have been more helpful for the further financial performance evaluation if the industrial average figures and key competitors’ information had been made available (Behn 2003). Part 3 Learning 3. 1 Financial ManagementIn the field of financial management, cost-volume-profit analysis is a powerful tool that helps managers identifies the relationships among cost, volume and profit (Banfield, Newcastle Business et al. 2008). It focuses on how profits can be affected by th e following variables: selling price, sales volume, unit variable costs, total fixed costs, etc. (Banfield, Newcastle Business et al. 2008). Break even analysis and margin of safety is the important part of cost-volume-cost analysis. The formula is shown as following: Formula: BEP = Total Fixed Cost = (in Units) Contribution per unitMargin of Safety = Forecast Demand – BEP Forecast Demand In round 1, we forecast our total fixed cost and depreciation charge is 241 million, and the contribution per unit is 2316. By using formula, the forecast BEP is 104,000 units. So we decided to produce 120,000 units after evaluating market demand. Our forecast margin of safety is therefore around 13. 3%. However, we underestimated the total fixed cost and overestimated our sales volumes. Thus, we suffered a loss of 116 million in the first round. In round 2, we re-evaluate the cost, volume and profit, and then set up 32. % of margin of safety. Financial performance is improved in this round so we adapted the similar approach for round 3 and 4, in which our margin of safety is about 39. 1% and 52. 8% respectively. It has been proved that high margin of safety makes profit less vulnerable to demand drops (Jacobs 2002). Even though we have 12,853 units unsold stock, we still make a profit of 198 million in round 4. From the business game, we have practiced how to price products and how much volume of products we must sell in order to make a profit. 3. 2 Human Resource ManagementWhen we practice the Human Resource function in business game, we put emphasis on rewards, in particular worker wage. High wage will not always improve the work performance from long-term perspective, but annual pay increase works (Banfield and Kay 2008). Based on this learning, we decide to pay our worker ? 355 weekly in round 1 and to increase that wage annually. However, we suffered a loss due to bad company performance in round 1, so wage did not increase even though inflation rate is around 3% . In round 2, company performance is improved and we make profit. Thus, wage increase by 9% ahead of 4% inflation rate in round 3.In round 4, wage increase by 5% to ? 404. Overall, from round 1 to round 4, wage increase by 14%, but the strike days only reduced 1 day (8 days in round 1 and 7 days in round 4). It is indicated that a reward cannot help to improve work performance if the pay increase does not meet the employee expectation (Corby 2009). According to data on competition, EMPIRE, our key competitors, pays their worker ? 500 weekly in round 4 and the strike day is controlled as 2 days. From the business stimulation, we realized the importance of monetary rewards and the link between rewards and productivity.On the other hand, poor management of employee relations often end up with strikes (Blyton and Turnbull 1998). With this learning, we could have found another solution to allocate our workers instead of redundancy. There are some limitations of business game in terms of HR management. High wage and training investment seems to be the only way to motivate productivity. And some other important HR functions such as recruitment and selection, promotion and employee engagement are not covered in the game. Learning experience will improve if those issues are made available in the game. 3. 3 Operation ManagementQuality management refers to the management activities involved in determination of quality policy and its implementation through means such as quality planning and quality assurance (Gitlow 2005). High quality puts costs down and revenue up (Banfield, Newcastle Business et al. 2008). Based on this learning, in order to control product quality, we focus on the R&D (Research and Development) and skills training when we practice the operation function during business game. From round 1, we keep investing on projects of fuel efficient engine and low emissions in order to detect and control the quality of engines.Both of them are successful after 3 ye ars of research and development. This help to reduce our warranty cost efficiently (see appendix). Due to safety factor, we started to invest on the project of advanced safety systems. We expect the continuous R&D investment bring us long term financial benefit. Meanwhile, we continuously invest on skills training based on the knowledge that investment in skills training can significantly improve product quality (Gitlow 2005). From the business game, I got better understanding about quality management and how quality influences customers’ buying decision.We also learn how to define the quality characteristics, set quality standard and measure the quality of our products. One of the limitations in stimulation process is that it is unavailable to evaluate and select the suppliers by ourselves. If this is made available, I believe that the operation cost would be controlled autonomously and learning experience of students about supply chain would be improved. 3. 4 Marketing Mana gement Marketing management is the art and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping, and growing customers through creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer value (Kotler and Keller 2011).In carrying out the marketing functions, the company needs to have a marketing program or strategy. This is known as the marketing mix (Marc 1997). The conventional view of the marketing mix consisted of four components: Product, Price, Place and Promotion. It is indicated that 4Ps constitute the cornerstone of any sound business (Marc 1997). Based on this learning, we tried to use the right marketing mix to reach our target market during the business game. Product: In round 1, 3/5 door hatch and small engine are chosen for city car (24-40 market), while MPV and diesel engine are chosen for large car (41-55 market).Options are selected due to the factors such as safety, comfort and style. From round 2, we detect the popularity index and aim to offer the most appropria te products to our customers (see appendix). Price: We use market penetration in round 1. In the next three round, we adapt average pricing strategy. The economic trend and income status of our target customers are also taken into account as well. Promotion: We keep increasing our promotion investment from 23 million to 40 million via various media. In round 1, we invest ? 200 for every car and it increase to ? 450 in round 4.Through business game, I got better understanding about marketing mix. However, innovation and new product strategy, as another important marketing strategy, is failed to be used in our game. We could have learned more about finding customer value opportunities and creating an innovation culture in our team if we had launched new model. Part 4 Team Performance 4. 1 Team 4. 1. 1 Management Team We distributed our team into four groups in order to cover the four main functional areas of business organization: Finance, Marketing, Operation and Human Resource. Base d on personal interests and experience, I take the charge of Finance.Dorothy and Kira take the responsibility of managing marketing. Operation is taken charged by Michael and Jayson. Adetoro is responsible for HR. It does not mean that we make decisions and take responsibility separately. Actually, those functional areas are linked with and supported by each other. And everybody of the team is required to know exactly the whole process of our business. In reality, the main purpose of functional areas is to ensure that all important business activities are carried out efficiently. This is essential for a company to achieve its business objectives (Marcouse 2010). . 1. 2 Decision-making Process The overall decision-making was a collective process. During the business game, we discussed and evaluated all feasible solutions and make sure every decision is made to help settle the current problems and lead to business objectives. The controversy, however, is sometimes unavoidable. For ins tance, Dorothy, marketing manager, proposed to launch new model in round 3 due to market attractiveness. I cannot agree with that because we are still experiencing financial difficulty. Our net cash position is minus ? 371 million with poor ability to pay our creditors.Adetoro is standing by my side, thinking from a long-term perspective. He suggested our team not to launch new model until we gain a reasonable market share. The further discussion and communication led to unanimous approval of the final decision. The similar situation happened when we discussed whether or not to adept price skimming strategy for our products. The dispute finally is settled properly. 4. 1. 3 Leadership I was nominated as the leader in business game due to my ability to manage market information and provide direction to my team members at the very beginning.Under my leadership, our company is driven to achieve business objectives (execution). I make clear that all my team members are enjoying the game and have learned how to run a business in a real world. 4. 1. 4 Team Role Through my observation, I have identified the strengths/weaknesses and work preference of my team members: * Jayson and Michael prefer to analyze the current situation and raise the issues that we have to face (analysis). Michael is a good team worker who communicates and cooperates effectively with others.Jayson, as a monitor evaluator, has a high critical thinking ability but lacking of expression. * Dorothy and Kira are intuitive about the market information, and they often give the creative ideas (plan). Both of them play as plant. Dorothy prefers change and innovation. She can work more effectively when cooperate with the people who are identified as implementer in Belbin team role framework. * Adetoro used to reflect all our decisions we have made for every round and make everything reasonable and explainable (reflection). He is enthusiastic and logic thinker. 4. 2 Individual . 2. 1 My Contribution I hav e little knowledge about car industry when I take this project, but I quickly realize that I have special interest on costing and budgeting due to my previous work experience. So, I went through the user menu and market research then finish the finance forecast sheet before attending the group meeting. In round 1, I am responsible for both Finance and Marketing. During the group meeting, I proposed my ideas about cost/price, most of which are accepted by my team members and I therefore am nominated as manager of Finance. We suffered a loss in round 1.After analysing the discrepancy between forecast and results, I suggest to adapt new pricing strategy and set a higher gross margin. The strategy is adapted by management team and makes profit for our company by the end of round 2. I am nominated as team leader due to my hard-working, efficiency and reliability. And I actively build up team relation and motivate our team members. I play the role of implementer successfully. I monitor ev ery process of the game and every detail of our decisions, and put emphasis on improving efficiency of every group meeting, and record the minutes. 4. 2. My learning about effective teamwork and decision making Through business game, along with the knowledge I learn from Developing Self module and the experience of residential weekend, I have better understanding about: * An effective teamwork involves in a group of people with common objectives and being able to build up trust and cooperate relationship with each other. * An effective teamwork involves in a group of people who have complementary strengths/weaknesses with each other. * An effective team should have a leader who is able to provide direction, open mind to different opinions, ake right decision and take risks. * An effective decision should create the competitive advantage for organization and bring short term profit along with long term development. * An effective decision builds up the core competency of organization and turn competitive advantage into sustainable competitive advantage. 4. 2. 3 Suggestions for Improving My Performance * If the game could be played again, I would like to think twice before adapting market penetration strategy in round 1 and try to avoid that loss as much as possible. I would like to pay more attention on developing my leadership capability and making better use of the abilities of my team members in order to build up a powerful and effective team. Part 5 Conclusion Overall, our company is successful in the achievement of business objectives. By the end of round 4, our sales have increased by 50%, and our profit is showing a trend of growth. Even though the unsold stock percentage is larger than what we expect, we are still able to control the inventory and keep profitable. Return on investment in round 4 is 36% which is much more than our target.Part 6 Reference Banfield, P. and R. Kay (2008). Introduction to human resource management. New York, Oxford Universit y Press. Banfield, P. , S. Newcastle Business, et al. (2008). Managing for competitive advantage, McGraw-Hill custom publishing. Behn, R. D. (2003). â€Å"Why Measure Performance? Different Purposes Require Different Measures. † Public Administration Review 63(5): 586-606. Blyton, P. and P. Turnbull (1998). The dynamics of employee relations. Basingstoke, Macmillan. Corby, S. (2009). Rethinking reward. Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan. Gitlow, H. S. (2005). Quality management. New YorkLondon, McGraw-Hill. Jacobs, T. (2002). â€Å"The margin of safety. † NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY 20(12): 1191-1191. Kotler, P. and K. L. Keller (2011). Marketing management. Harlow, Pearson Education. Marc, L. (1997). â€Å"Marketing mix customization and customizability. † Business Horizons 40(6): 39. Marcouse, I. (2010). â€Å"BTEC First Business. † 1. 4 The main functional areas within business organisations Ed. Retrieved 06/01, 2012, from http://www. teachmebusiness. co. uk/pag e29/page16/page18/assets/Functionalareas. pdf. Part 7 Appendices 7. 1 Design and Options TIKI (City Car)  | | round 1| round 2| round 3| round 4| /5 Door Hatch| Y| Y| Y| Y| Small Engine (4 Cylinder)| Y| Y| Y| Y| Multi Location Airbags|   |   |   | Y| Alloy Wheels|   | Y| Y| Y| Parking Sensors| Y| Y|   | Y| Air Conditioning| Y| Y| Y| Y| Superior Sound System/iPod|   | Y| Y| Y| Security Package|   |   |   | Y| Safety Package|   | Y| Y| Y| CRUISER (Large Car)  | | round 1| round 2| round 3| round 4| SUV| Y| Y| Y| Y| Diesel Engine| Y| Y| Y| Y| Multi Location Airbags|   |   | Y| Y| Alloy Wheels|   |   | Y| Y| Security Tracker|   |   |   | Y| Cruise Control| Y| Y|   |   | Automatic Transmission| Y| Y|   |   | Parking Sensors| Y| Y| Y| Y| Electronic Stability Control| Y| Y|   |   |Panoramic Sunroof| Y| Y|   |   | Heated Elec Wing Mirrors|   |   |   | Y| Electric Adjustable Seats|   |   |   | Y| Air Conditioning| Y| Y| Y| Y| Superior Sound System/iPod| Y| Y| Y| Y| Bluetooth Phone Preparation|   |   |   | Y| TV/DVD Player| Y| Y|   |   | Metallic Paint|   |   | Y| Y| Security Package|   |   | Y| Y| Safety Package| Y| Y| Y| Y| Luxury Package|   |   |   | Y| 7. 2 Warranty Cost Warranty Cost| round 1| round 2| round 3| round 4| TIKI per car ? | 173| 170| 140| 155| CRUISER per car ? | 400| 353| 295| 348| Total Warranty Claims ? m| 26| 27| 21| 23| 7. 3 Other Key Performance Indicators

Essay Sample on Logistics and Acquisition Succes Key Stages of Procurement

Essay Sample on Logistics and Acquisition Succes Key Stages of Procurement Procurement is the process of making acquisition for goods and services from an external source to the company. Companies and organizations procure the services of external organization whenever need arises. Different types of contracts exist, and the choices made by an organization depend on the nature of the services that they want procured. Contracts differ based on the cost, timeline and technicalities. This explains the existence of the different types of contracts. These types include lump sum or firm fixed price contract, retainer/contingency contract and indefinite delivery contract. Acquisition success is the complete award of a contract without any protests witnessed among any of the participants. However, the company needs a clear planning in order for them to achieve the desires of the contracts and their capabilities as outlined in the request for proposal. Therefore, Planning is highly significant in order to succeed in the case of IDE technical support acquisition tender. Prior to releasing of the request for proposal document, the company should have a pre-market survey to enable them have a clear work plan that is in line with the current market conditions. This creates an opportunity for accessing the risks and opportunities that this contract offers and how to counter these risks without making a loss (US Department of States, 2011). The best acquisition method for this statement of work is the formal acquisition method. This includes the sealed bidding or negotiation. The sealed bidding is made up of competitive bids that are pre-sealed by the vendors before submission to the government agencies. IDEX technical support statement of work clearly defines the scope of work that the contract entails. The provision of technical support manager, system analyst and production support specialist has a clear set timeline and value. This shows the nature of the bid that such a contract may include. Lump sum contracts are mostly used in a situation where the service being outsourced for has a specified time frame. All the above listed services require completion within a period of 2000 hours. Payment for these services is based on the feasibility of the results. A clearly specified output guarantees payment for the services offered as part of the procurement document (Rumbaugh, 2010). Solicitation is defined as the acquisition of quotation, bids, offers or proposals as the need may be. At this stage of procurement stage, the product documents and sources are presented to the contract board. Under this stage, the request for proposal is mostly presented to the team. This is a document that is used in the solicitation of proposals from prospective sellers of goods and services. Source selection criteria are the process of comprehensively evaluating bidders for a given tender as per the terms of the contract (Rumbaugh, 2010) The federal acquisition regulation is a set of regulations set by the federal government of the United States. Federal acquisition regulation has several tenets and clauses that are meant to guide the process of procurement and contractual settlement. It majorly governs the process of acquisition of goods and services by the government. The clauses of solicitation under the FAR are contained in section 52. The contracts that are mean to acquire commercial and technical services are under these clauses (Department of Defense, 2008). The first clause has the instructions to the offerors which include the set of instructions and regulations that shall be employed when soliciting for commercial goods and services. The second clause has the offerors representations and certifications. This carries an entailed list of representations and certification for the process of acquisition for goods and services. Clause three provides details on the terms and conditions of the contract which must be adhered to in the process of executing the contract. The fourth clause describes the terms and conditions required for the implementation of statutes and executive orders. The buy American and balance of payment program is the next clause that gives details on the acquisition procedure for goods that are available locally (Department of Defense, 2008). The source selection strategies create an opportunity for choosing better and beneficial evaluation factors to the bidders. Contracting officers are designated the source selection evaluation role. As such, they are supposed to establish a team that is geared towards a specific acquisition objective. They are also supposed to approve the source selection or acquisition strategy for finalizing the solicitation process (US Department of States, 2011). There are a number of source selection evaluation criteria that can be used in the process of determining the best service provider depends. The price or the cost that shall be incurred is given major consideration in the source selection evaluation criteria. The price that is considered affordable should have great quality attributes so as to ensure quality for the money charged. The technical excellence, management capability, great personnel pool and prior experience in serving similar contracts are also important considerations. The small business subcontracting participation is also an essential source selection evaluation criterion (US Department of States, 2011). The process of awarding a contract is governed under the federal laws of the United States of America. Under these laws, every contract follows a specified timeline, procedure while adhering to the set rules. The preparation of the solicitation and the request for proposal documents are important before the bidding process can be started. This enables the bidding firms to be aware of the nature of services they will offer.

The Oda Nobunaga's Restoration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Oda Nobunaga's Restoration - Essay Example Both Meiji and Nobunaga are believed to have similar political philosophy evidenced in the need to unify the society. Meiji Restoration had to deal with dissenting forces which had thrived under Tokugawa regime for a long period of time. Meiji was forced to be as forceful and unifying as Nobunaga during the last third of the 19th century through the early 20th century Japan following many decades of unresolved social differences, ideological wars and the threat of the Shogun attack (Turnbull 99). From these different sources of offensive power, the Restoration leadership prioritized the policy of power consolidation under the emperor in as much the same way as Nobunaga did in the 16th century. In the course of the new political dispensation, both Meiji political elite and Nobunaga regime faced similar challenges staged by isolated, but fanatical supporters of the status quo. For Nobunaga, the adamant Ikko sect stood out with its religious policy against Nobunaga’s efforts to bring the country together by maintaining the support of minor local rulers (Turnbull 13). The sect also expanded its influence by supporting Yoshiaki, and by rallying its supporters along the influential daimyo of a number of administrative regions. In all, the 16th century ruler battled the Ikko sect through direct confrontations and indirectly for over a decade until he achieved unity of the society. According to Turnbull (100) it was only through peaceful process overseen by the royal court at Kyoto that the Nobunaga regime successfully overcame of the Monastery of Hongan Temple in Osaka. The monastery was most one of the most valued political and military complexes that kept the Ikko’s spirit of resistance alive. After assuming control of several manors and religious constituencies, Nobunaga strengthened his control of the samurai warriors and

JPMorgan Chase Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

JPMorgan Chase - Assignment Example Any erroneous trades that are discovered are consistently and promptly resolved using a transparent process that applies objective standards. The fourth point is regulating stub quotes and market making obligations. They require all market makers to maintain stub quotes that are bona fide and consider maintaining two-sided stub quotes that do not have to be executed in severe market conditions. They are particularly considering banning all stub notes use. A valid contract is an agreement, legally enforceable, between two or more parties. The parties do not necessarily have to be people must be independent entities. Contracts between consumers and banks must be valid because large amounts of money are usually involved and all care must be taken to ensure that there are no misunderstandings in the contract terms. The parties must be aware of what the contract promises and what it does not promise. There are four elements to a valid contract; competent parties; legal purpose; offer and acceptance; and consideration. Intentional tort actions are activities carried out with the intentional of violating civil rights. The intentional tort can occasionally be transferred when the targeted party is not the party eventually wronged. Any party that injuries party A while intent on injuring party B is liable to party A whom they injured. The tort is negated if the parties involved synonymously consented to the action occurrence, though this is limited to normal consequences such that any consequences outside the normal spectrum could still invite liability.